Can you withdraw money from a 401(k) early? Yes, you can withdraw money from your 401(k) before age 59½. However, early withdrawals often come with hefty penalties and tax consequences. If you find yourself needing to tap into your retirement funds early, here are rules to be aware of and options to consider.
You can withdraw your contributions (that's the original money you put into the account) tax- and penalty-free. But you'll owe ordinary income tax and a 10% penalty if you withdraw earnings (i.e. gains and dividends your investments made inside the account) from your Roth 401(k) prior to age 59 1/2.
Withdrawing money from your 401(k) is not the same thing as cashing out. You can do a 401(k) withdrawal while you're still employed at the company that sponsors your 401(k), but you can only cash out your 401(k) from previous employers. Learn what do with your 401(k) after changing jobs.
By age 59.5 (and in some cases, age 55), you will be eligible to begin withdrawing money from your 401(k) without having to pay a penalty tax. You'll simply need to contact your plan administrator or log into your account online and request a withdrawal.
The greatest benefit of taking a lump-sum distribution from your 401(k) plan—either at retirement or upon leaving an employer—is the ability to access all of your retirement savings at once. The money is not restricted, which means you can use it as you see fit.
If you withdraw money from your 401(k) account before age 59 1/2, you will need to pay a 10% early withdrawal penalty in addition to income tax on the distribution. For someone paying a 24% tax rate, a $5,000 early 401(k) withdrawal will cost $1,700 in taxes and penalties.
Traditional 401(k) (age 59.5+): You'll get 100% of the balance, minus state and federal taxes. Roth 401(k) (age 59.5+): You'll get 100% of your balance, without taxation. Cashing out before age 59.5: You will be subject to a 10% penalty on top of any taxes owed.
In case you are fired, you can cash out your 401(k) plan even if you are below the age of 59 ½. You just need to contact the administrator of your plan and fill out certain forms for the distribution of your 401(k) funds.
The IRS dictates you can withdraw funds from your 401(k) account without penalty only after you reach age 59½, become permanently disabled, or are otherwise unable to work.
If you have a high-interest debt, such as from a credit card with a big balance, you may get a much lower interest rate on a 401(k) loan. If you have upcoming debt payments and no other alternatives for paying them, borrowing from your 401(k) can reduce fees and penalties.
Deferring Social Security payments, rolling over old 401(k)s, setting up IRAs to avoid the mandatory 20% federal income tax, and keeping your capital gains taxes low are among the best strategies for reducing taxes on your 401(k) withdrawal.
If you are still employed with the company, the plan can deny you in-service withdrawals. Each plan has its own rules and regulations, and some are more strict than others on in-service withdrawals. Some do not allow them at all. Some allow loans from 401(k)s while others do not.
The Internal Revenue Service allows a 401(k) hardship withdrawal if you have an "immediate and heavy financial need." In these situations, the 10% penalty could be waived. According to the IRS, the following as situations might qualify for a 401(k) hardship withdrawal: Certain medical expenses. Burial or funeral costs.
Call or contact your previous 401(k) plan administrator. Request that your account be liquidated at the close of the next business day. Alternatively, you could choose to liquidate only a portion of your account for withdrawal; you don't need to cash out the entire account.
“But it wouldn't be recommended to take it out to satisfy non-essential expenses, like credit cards or other loans,” Nitzsche says. Consider also the opportunity cost of withdrawing your retirement savings during a market decline.
Transferring Your 401(k) to Your Bank Account
That's typically an option when you stop working, but be aware that moving money to your checking or savings account may be considered a taxable distribution. As a result, you could owe income taxes, additional penalty taxes, and other complications could arise.
If you have more than $5,000 in your account, your former employer can only force you to cash out or roll over into another account with your permission. Your funds can usually remain in the account indefinitely.
Generally, anyone can make an early withdrawal from 401(k) plans at any time and for any reason. However, these distributions typically count as taxable income. If you're under the age of 59½, you typically have to pay a 10% penalty on the amount withdrawn.
The 401(k) can be a boon to your retirement plan. It gives you flexibility to change jobs without losing your savings. But that can start to fall apart if you use it like a bank account in the years preceding retirement. In general, it's a good idea to avoid tapping any retirement money until you've reached age 59½.
Withdrawals from 401(k)s are considered income and are generally subject to income tax because contributions and growth were tax-deferred, rather than tax-free.
You'd need to save at least $480,000 before retirement if you want $2,000 per month.
Employers can require proof from the employee of the amount of financial hardship. For example, if you are using a hardship withdrawal to pay your medical bills, your employer may require that you provide those medical bills. To use a hardship withdrawal, you must not have the funds elsewhere to cover the expense.
In some cases, you might be able to withdraw funds from a 401(k) to pay off debt without incurring extra fees. This is true if you qualify as having an “immediate and heavy financial need,” and meet IRS criteria. In those circumstances, you could take a hardship withdrawal.
Hardship distribution for a reason not allowed by the plan
For example, if the plan states hardship distributions can only be made to pay tuition, then the plan can't permit a hardship distribution for any other reason, such as a home purchase.
Hardship withdrawals may get even easier to tap in 2023 with the new Secure 2.0 retirement regulations signed into law by President Biden in December. The new rules allow employees to self-certify that they meet the hardship criteria and will only take out the amount they need to cover their financial emergency.