Yes, you can technically sell your house to a relative for $1, but the IRS will treat the difference between the sale price and the fair market value (FMV) as a taxable gift. This is considered a "gift of equity," which may trigger gift tax reporting requirements and reduce your lifetime estate tax exemption.
When selling property to family, the IRS treats sales below fair market value (FMV) as a partial gift, triggering gift tax reporting (Form 709) if over the annual exclusion ($19,000 per person in 2025). You cannot deduct losses on sales to related parties, but gains are taxed; proper documentation (like an appraisal) is crucial for any below-market sale to prove it's a bona fide transaction and avoid IRS scrutiny, especially concerning capital gains or gift tax rules.
You can — but the IRS will likely treat the difference between the home's fair market value and the actual sale price as a gift. For example, if your home is worth $300,000 and you sell it to your son for $200,000, that $100,000 “discount” is considered a gift.
Inheriting a home provides a “step-up” in cost basis for capital gains tax purposes, meaning you're taxed only on appreciation after the date of inheritance. By contrast, buying a house for $1 means your cost basis is the original owner's purchase price — potentially leading to higher taxes if you sell in the future.
You can sell it to anyone at any price you agree to. Just don't expect your Tax Assessor to establish its value at $1 for tax purposes!
Selling a house for $1 is legal but it can trigger significant tax implications. The difference between the fair market value and sale price is treated as a gift by the IRS. Selling below market value requires filing IRS Form 709 if the gift exceeds $19,000 in 2025.
The short answer: Yes, you can absolutely sell a home below market value—and legally gift the difference. It's a legitimate and frequently used estate planning strategy that can support younger generations, avoid probate, and reduce estate tax exposure.
Drawbacks to gifting real estate
Selling your house to your son for $1 is possible in Canada, but it comes with significant tax and legal implications. It's advisable to consult with a real estate lawyer and a tax professional to fully understand the consequences and ensure the transfer is executed correctly.
You can choose from two main methods to price a home sale to a family member: make a gift of equity or sell the home at fair market value. If both parties aren't careful, a gift of equity can result in significant gift tax implications.
The "3-3-3 rule" in real estate isn't a single guideline but refers to different strategies: for buyers, it's about financial readiness (3 months savings, 3 months reserves, 3 property comparisons) or a financial affordability check (30% income, 30% down, 3x income); for agents, it's a marketing habit (call 3, note 3, share 3) or prospecting (talking to everyone within 3 feet). There's also a developer rule (1/3 land, 1/3 build, 1/3 profit), though it's considered outdated by some.
The most tax-efficient way to leave a home to a child usually involves leaving it in your will for them to inherit, which qualifies for a stepped-up tax basis (reducing capital gains tax if sold) and avoids immediate gift taxes, though trusts (like Revocable Living Trusts for probate avoidance or QPRTs for advanced planning) or Transfer-on-Death (TOD) deeds (where available) offer control and probate avoidance, while outright gifting is generally less tax-efficient due to inherited basis issues. Consulting an estate planning attorney is crucial to choose the best method for your specific situation.
When you sell your house, you can list with a real estate agent or sell it without a realtor. Work with your family members to determine how you want the process to go. You might be tempted to handle the process independently, but note that selling a house to a family member might not be as simple as it seems.
If you use your former home to produce income (for example, you rent it out or make it available for rent), you can choose to treat it as your main residence for up to 6 years after you stop living in it. This is sometimes called the '6-year rule'. You can choose when to stop the period covered by your choice.
When you give anyone other than your spouse property valued at more than $19,000 ($38,000 per couple) in any one year, you have to file a gift tax form. But as an individual, you can gift a total of $15 million (in 2026) over your lifetime without incurring a gift tax.
Yes, you can give your daughter $100,000 to buy a house, but you'll need proper documentation for her mortgage lender and you'll likely need to file a gift tax return (IRS Form 709) because the amount exceeds the annual exclusion, though it won't usually result in taxes unless you've used up your large lifetime exemption. Lenders require gift letters proving the funds aren't a loan, and you can avoid gift tax impact by gifting up to the annual limit ($19,000 per person in 2025) each year or by using your substantial lifetime exemption.
The Step-Up in Basis: A Key Advantage of Keeping Property Until Death. In California, when the owner of a property passes away, the property generally receives a “step-up” in basis. This means the property's tax basis is adjusted to its fair market value at the time of the owner's death.
It allowed sellers to claim CGT exemption for the final 36 months of ownership, even if they had moved out. However, this was reduced to 18 months in 2014 and further to 9 months in 2020, which remains the rule today. This general law is in place as it prevents short-term transaction benefits concerning taxation.
Property Tax Reassessment: In states like California, transferring property, even for a nominal amount, can trigger a reassessment at the current market value. However, family transfers may be excluded from reassessment if proper documentation is filed.
To afford a $400,000 house, you typically need an annual income between $100,000 to $125,000, which translates to a gross monthly income of approximately $8,333 to $10,417, based on a $400,000 home price. However, this is a general range, and your specific circumstances will determine the exact income required.