The IRS can legally levy your 401(k) and other retirement accounts, including self-employed retirement plans. Although these accounts may be protected from creditors, the IRS can legally seize funds from your retirement savings to recover back taxes you owe.
Yes, the IRS can take your 401(k) or other retirement funds in order to satisfy outstanding tax debts. However, if you have a current or pending repayment plan in order, they are not authorized to impose a tax levy on your account.
The IRS has wide-ranging power, but its ability to use that power to place liens or seize assets is controlled by regulation, specifically U.S. Code Section 6334, Property Exempt from Levy. Some retirement accounts and pensions are protected, but IRA and 401(k) accounts are not, allowing IRS to file liens against them.
Advisor Insight. The general answer is no, a creditor cannot seize or garnish your 401(k) assets. 401(k) plans are governed by a federal law known as ERISA (Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974). Assets in plans that fall under ERISA are protected from creditors.
An IRS levy permits the legal seizure of your property to satisfy a tax debt. It can garnish wages, take money in your bank or other financial account, seize and sell your vehicle(s), real estate and other personal property.
Insurance proceeds and dividends paid either to veterans or to their beneficiaries. Interest on insurance dividends left on deposit with the Veterans Administration. Benefits under a dependent-care assistance program.
Foreign or "offshore" bank accounts are a popular place to hide both illegal and legally earned income. By law, any U.S. citizen with money in a foreign bank account must submit a document called a Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR) [source: IRS].
Qualified retirement accounts
Retirement accounts set up under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974 are generally protected from seizure by creditors. ERISA covers most employer-sponsored retirement plans, including 401(k) plans, pension plans and some 403(b) plans.
If you live in California and a creditor gets a judgment against you, that judgment creditor may be able to collect from your retirement account. In California, some retirement accounts are protected (such as 401ks and profit-sharing plans). Others are more vulnerable to judgment creditors (such as IRAs).
Other than a partial exemption for bankruptcy, there are no federally mandated exemptions from IRA garnishment. 4 Therefore, your retirement savings can be garnished to satisfy any federal debts. The most common federal debt satisfied by the seizure of IRA funds is back taxes owed to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
The IRS can no longer simply take your bank account, automobile, or business, or garnish your wages without giving you written notice and an opportunity to challenge its claims. When you challenge an IRS collection action, all collection activity must come to a halt during your administrative appeal.
In general, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has 10 years to collect unpaid tax debt. After that, the debt is wiped clean from its books and the IRS writes it off. This is called the 10 Year Statute of Limitations. It is not in the financial interest of the IRS to make this statute widely known.
Apply With the New Form 656
An offer in compromise allows you to settle your tax debt for less than the full amount you owe. It may be a legitimate option if you can't pay your full tax liability or doing so creates a financial hardship. We consider your unique set of facts and circumstances: Ability to pay.
The Fresh Start Initiative Program provides tax relief to select taxpayers who owe money to the IRS. It is a response by the Federal Government to the predatory practices of the IRS, who use compound interest and financial penalties to punish taxpayers with outstanding tax debt.
Assets are fully protected from creditors in both types of retirement account. Further, in such states the distributions from such accounts are also protected. But in California, creditors may come after any IRA assets not deemed necessary for living expenses.
Once a pension cheque is deposited into your bank account, it is just money and can be subject to seizure by a creditor who has obtained a judgment against you. But your pension funds may be at even greater risk from the bank itself if you owe them money for, say, credit card purchases, line of credit or car loan debt.
Company retirement plans, such as 401(k)s, are the most secure because federal law protects them from creditors. IRAs also provide federal creditor protection in bankruptcy situations only for up to $1,362,800 of IRA contributions and earnings in 2019 (that threshold adjusts for inflation).
401k plans are considered "qualified" employer-sponsored retirement plans, meaning they are covered under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. These plans, like other pension plans, receive substantial asset protection against creditors under federal law.
“Creditors cannot seize your 401(k) assets for medical bills or for any other reason.” The only people who can take what you've saved for retirement is the IRS. “They can seize 401(k) money for federal tax liens you are liable for,” Dana says.
The Short Answer: Yes. The IRS probably already knows about many of your financial accounts, and the IRS can get information on how much is there. But, in reality, the IRS rarely digs deeper into your bank and financial accounts unless you're being audited or the IRS is collecting back taxes from you.
Assets the IRS Can Seize
The IRS can seize practically any asset that has value/equity and can be liquidated into cash. This includes real estate, cars, jewelry, and even the investments you made to give yourself a comfortable retirement.
Generally, under IRC § 6502, the IRS will have 10 years to collect a liability from the date of assessment. After this 10-year period or statute of limitations has expired, the IRS can no longer try and collect on an IRS balance due.