Can you do a hardship withdrawal to pay off debt?

Asked by: Ali McLaughlin III  |  Last update: September 30, 2025
Score: 4.3/5 (2 votes)

Using the loan to pay off credit card debt may not meet the hardship criteria set by some plan administrators, as hardship withdrawals are generally restricted to specific circumstances defined by the IRS, including: Medical expenses. Costs related to purchasing a primary residence. Tuition and educational fees.

What qualifies for a hardship withdrawal?

What Qualifies as a Hardship Withdrawal on a 401(k)? Immediate and heavy expenses can include the following: Certain expenses to repair casualty losses to a principal residence (such as losses from fires, earthquakes, or floods) Expenses to prevent being foreclosed on or evicted.

Is it okay to withdraw from a 401k to pay off debt?

Generally - no. Like, really, really no. Do NOT cash in your 401k to pay off credit cards. Never. You will immediately incur a 10% penalty on your withdrawal, and you'll pay income tax on the rest. If you withdraw enough, it could kick you up to a new tax bracket, costing you even more than you expect.

Does a hardship withdrawal affect my credit score?

The act itself of signing up for a hardship plan has no effect on your credit. However, once you enroll, your credit scores could be indirectly affected because of the way the program works. First, your credit card issuer may put a note on your credit reports regarding your participation in its hardship plan.

What reasons can you withdraw from a 401k without penalty?

Here are the ways to take penalty-free withdrawals from your IRA or 401(k)
  • Unreimbursed medical bills. ...
  • Disability. ...
  • Health insurance premiums. ...
  • Death. ...
  • If you owe the IRS. ...
  • First-time homebuyers. ...
  • Higher education expenses. ...
  • For income purposes.

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27 related questions found

Can I take a hardship withdrawal for credit card debt?

Using the loan to pay off credit card debt may not meet the hardship criteria set by some plan administrators, as hardship withdrawals are generally restricted to specific circumstances defined by the IRS, including: Medical expenses. Costs related to purchasing a primary residence. Tuition and educational fees.

Can my employer refuse to let me withdraw my 401k?

Employers may also deny withdrawal requests if they suspect a violation of plan rules or IRS regulations. 401(k) plan rules vary from employer to employer. Withdrawal restrictions may be in place for employees still employed with the company.

Does IRS ask for proof of hardship withdrawal?

​Employees no longer routinely have to provide their employers with documentation proving they need a hardship withdrawal from their 401(k) accounts, according to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

What is the debt hardship program?

Hardship programs are nearly identical to the debt management programs offered by nonprofit credit card agencies like InCharge Debt Solutions. Both programs make it easier to afford the monthly payments by lowering interest rates and eliminating fees.

What is the disadvantage of taking a hardship withdrawal?

In addition, they may be subject to an additional tax on early distributions of elective contributions. Unlike loans, hardship distributions are not repaid to the plan. Thus, a hardship distribution permanently reduces the employee's account balance under the plan.

What happens if you lie about hardship withdrawal?

The consequences of false hardship withdrawal can range from fines and penalties to tax implications or even jail time. Additionally, lying to an employer can severely hinder your career growth or result in job loss. In other words, if you don't qualify, seek an alternative solution.

How much will I owe the IRS if I withdraw my 401k?

However, an early withdrawal generally means you'll have a 10% additional tax penalty unless you meet one of the exceptions, such as an emergency withdrawal of up to $1,000, if permitted by your plan.

Is it better to max out 401k or pay off debt?

If you have low-interest rate loans and expect higher returns on the investments in your 401(k), it may be a good strategy to contribute to your 401(k) while chipping away at your debt—making sure to prioritize paying off high-interest rate debt.

Will I get audited for hardship withdrawal?

You may need to supply supporting documentation of your hardship, including legal documents, invoices, and bills. Although the IRS does not approve hardship withdrawals from 401(k)s, you may still be audited. So, ensure all your ducks are in a row if you are permitted a 401(k) hardship withdrawal.

What proof do I need for a 401k hardship withdrawal?

What Proof Do You Need for a Hardship Withdrawal? You must provide adequate documentation as proof of your hardship withdrawal. 2 Depending on the circumstance, this can include invoices from a funeral home or university, insurance or hospital bills, bank statements, and escrow payments.

Can I withdraw from my 401k to pay off debt?

You'll pay penalties and taxes for using retirement savings to pay off debt. Every retirement account—a traditional IRA, Roth IRA, and 401(k)—has age distribution limits. That means some combination of penalties and taxes may hit you for early withdrawals.

Do hardship loans have to be paid back?

Unless it's a forgivable loan or grant, you'll still need to pay it back. Some types of hardship loans come with higher interest rates. You may not qualify if you don't meet credit requirements.

Does the US government have a debt relief program?

When it comes to credit card debt relief, it's important to dispel a common misconception: There are no government-sponsored programs specifically designed to eliminate credit card debt. So, you should be wary of any offers claiming to represent such government initiatives, as they may be misleading or fraudulent.

Does hardship affect credit score?

This means, if you make a hardship arrangement and you don't keep up with that arrangement, it can impact on your score. If you are experiencing financial difficulty and are getting hardship support from your lender, we recommend that you keep to the arrangement, if you can.

Why would a hardship withdrawal get denied?

The 401(k) hardship withdrawal process

Note that there's always a chance your request will be denied. Some employers may require you to prove that you've exhausted all other options for funding. If your employer doesn't deem your hardship as immediate or necessary, your request can also be turned down, O'Shea says.

How to get a hardship loan?

How to get a hardship loan
  1. Review your credit. Read your credit report to see what a lender will see when you apply. ...
  2. Calculate your monthly payment. ...
  3. Pre-qualify with multiple lenders. ...
  4. Prepare your documentation. ...
  5. Submit the application and get funded.

Do you pay back hardship withdrawal?

A hardship distribution is a withdrawal from a participant's elective deferral account made because of an immediate and heavy financial need, and limited to the amount necessary to satisfy that financial need. The money is taxed to the participant and is not paid back to the borrower's account.

How do I avoid 20% tax on my 401k withdrawal?

Deferring Social Security payments, rolling over old 401(k)s, setting up IRAs to avoid the mandatory 20% federal income tax, and keeping your capital gains taxes low are among the best strategies for reducing taxes on your 401(k) withdrawal.

How long does it take to get money from a 401k hardship withdrawal?

Please expect about 7-10 business days to receive checks through USPS mail.

Do I need a reason to withdraw from my 401k?

The IRS considers immediate and heavy financial need for hardship withdrawal: medical expenses, the prevention of foreclosure or eviction, tuition payments, funeral expenses, costs (excluding mortgage payments) related to purchase and repair of primary residence, and expenses and losses resulting from a federal ...