Beneficiaries generally do not pay federal income tax on life insurance proceeds or inherited assets, as these are typically considered tax-free. However, taxes are due on any interest earned from delayed payments, inherited retirement accounts (like 401(k)s or IRAs), and large estates over federal thresholds.
When a person passes away, the beneficiaries who inherit assets under a will are not required to pay tax on the value of the estate. However, while there is no direct tax on the inheritance itself, there may still be tax obligations for the estate and the beneficiaries.
When a loved one passes, the last thing on most people's minds is taxes, but they do play an important role in settling the estate. In Canada, there is no inheritance tax. You don't have to pay taxes on money you inherit, and you don't have to report it as income.
Beneficiaries of an IRA, and most plans, have the option of taking a lump-sum distribution of the inherited account at any time. Beneficiaries must include any taxable distributions they receive in their gross income.
Transfer assets into a trust
Certain types of trusts can help avoid estate taxes. An irrevocable trust transfers asset ownership from the original owner to the trust, with assets eventually distributed to the beneficiaries.
Generally, beneficiaries do not pay income tax on money or property that they inherit, but there are exceptions for retirement accounts, life insurance proceeds, and savings bond interest.
Your beneficiaries (the people who inherit your estate) do not normally pay tax on things they inherit. They may have related taxes to pay, for example if they get rental income from a house left to them in a will.
Gift Tax in Canada
You can give any amount of cash to a family member without worrying about a gift tax. However, if you're gifting to a minor child, any income earned from that gift may be attributed back to you for tax purposes.
There are several ways to transfer property to a child tax-free, including leaving it in a will, gifting it using lifetime and annual exclusions, selling it, or placing it in an irrevocable trust.
At a glance:
Any gifts exceeding $19,000 in a year must be reported and contribute to your lifetime exclusion amount. You can gift up to $13.99 million over your lifetime without paying a gift tax on it (as of 2025).
You can typically inherit a very large amount from your parents without paying federal tax, as the federal estate tax exemption is around $15 million per person for 2026, meaning only estates larger than that pay tax, not you directly. While you generally don't pay income tax on inheritances (except for pre-tax retirement funds like IRAs/401(k)s, which are taxed as income when withdrawn), some states have their own estate or inheritance taxes with much lower thresholds, affecting a smaller portion of wealth.
While state laws differ for inheritance taxes, an inheritance must exceed a certain threshold to be considered taxable. For federal estate taxes as of 2024, if the total estate is under $13.61 million for an individual or $27.22 million for a married couple, there's no need to worry about estate taxes.
Another key difference: While there is no federal inheritance tax, there is a federal estate tax. The federal estate tax ranges from 18% to 40% and generally only applies to assets over $13.99 million in 2025 or $15 million in 2026.
Yes, you can likely give your daughter $50,000 tax-free by using your annual gift exclusion and lifetime exemption, but you'll need to file Form 709 with the IRS to report the gift exceeding the annual limit ($19,000 in 2024/2025). The $50,000 gift reduces your large lifetime exemption (over $13 million in 2024/2025), meaning you won't pay tax on it unless your total lifetime gifts exceed that huge amount; your daughter never pays gift tax on the money.
There's no limit on how much money you can give or receive as a gift! However, there are some occasions where tax may be payable, or capital gains tax (CGT) may apply. For example, in some instances when gifting property, shares or crypto assets, or when receiving money or an asset from a non-resident trust.
Inheritances are not considered income for federal tax purposes, whether you inherit cash, investments or property. However, any subsequent earnings on the inherited assets are taxable, unless it comes from a tax-free source.
The best way to avoid the inheritance tax is to manage assets before death. To eliminate or limit the amount of inheritance tax beneficiaries might have to pay, consider: Giving away some of your assets to potential beneficiaries before death. Each year, you can gift a certain amount to each person tax-free.
Beneficiaries generally do not pay income tax on the principal amount of inherited cash or bank accounts, but they do pay taxes on any interest earned after the date of death, and on certain pre-tax retirement funds (like traditional IRAs). State laws vary, with some states having specific inheritance or estate taxes, while federal estate tax usually falls on the estate itself, not the beneficiary.
A designated beneficiary does not have to pay tax on any amount they receive from a TFSA as long as the total amount is not more than the fair market value (FMV) of the property held in the TFSA on the date of death. However, any TFSA earnings made after the date of death and before the estate is settled are taxable.
Typically, the estate will pay any estate tax owed, with the beneficiaries receiving assets from the estate free of income taxes (see exception for retirement assets in the chart below). As a beneficiary, if you later sell or earn income from inherited assets, there may be income tax consequences.
Give more money away
Lifetime gifting is a straightforward way to begin reducing your IHT bill. By gifting money during lifetime, that would have been part of an inheritance anyway, you reduce the size of your estate so that there is smaller amount subject to IHT on your death.