Basically, the quote you included form IRS Publication 525 is stating that if your excess 401(k) contribution is not taken out by the due date of your return, you will end up being taxed twice on the amount because they are not allowing you any type of basis when you are taxed the first time.
But, no, you don't pay income tax twice on 401(k) withdrawals. With the 20% withholding on your distribution, you're essentially paying part of your taxes upfront. Depending on your tax situation, the amount withheld might not be enough to cover your full tax liability.
Any taxable distribution paid to you is subject to mandatory withholding of 20%, even if you intend to roll the distribution over later. If the distribution is rolled over, and you want to defer tax on the entire taxable portion, you will have to add funds from other sources equal to the amount withheld.
First the loan repayments are made with after-tax income (that's once) and, second, when you take those payments out as a distribution at retirement you pay income tax on them (that's twice). So yes, you pay twice.
An advantage of a 401(k) loan over a withdrawal is you don't pay ordinary income taxes or face potential additional taxes on the borrowed amount. You must repay the loan along with interest, per the loan terms; but on the bright side, repayments replenish your plan account — you're essentially repaying yourself.
One of those tools is known as the Rule 72. For example, let's say you have saved $50,000 and your 401(k) holdings historically has a rate of return of 8%. 72 divided by 8 equals 9 years until your investment is estimated to double to $100,000.
Deferring Social Security payments, rolling over old 401(k)s, setting up IRAs to avoid the mandatory 20% federal income tax, and keeping your capital gains taxes low are among the best strategies for reducing taxes on your 401(k) withdrawal.
Borrowing from your 401(k) may be the best option, although it does carry some risk. Alternatively, consider the Rule of 55 as another way to withdraw money from your 401(k) without the tax penalty.
One benefit of after-tax contributions to your workplace 401(k) is that you can withdraw them free of tax or penalties. However, any money you earn from those after-tax contributions is considered pre-tax, so you'll pay tax if you withdraw any of those earnings unless you roll them over into an IRA.
Withdrawals from traditional IRAs and 401(k) accounts are taxable and can increase your taxable income. If your withdrawal pushes you into a higher income bracket, you'll pay a higher tax rate on the excess. Withdrawals from Roth IRAs and Roth 401(k)s generally provide tax-free withdrawals.
401(k) withdrawals
Pros: You're not required to pay back withdrawals of the 401(k) assets. Cons: Hardship withdrawals from 401(k) accounts are generally taxed as ordinary income. Also, a 10% early withdrawal penalty applies on withdrawals before age 59½, unless you meet one of the IRS exceptions.
With a tax-deferred 401(k), you don't pay taxes on the earnings as you make them every year. You will be taxed on the money you take from a tax-deferred 401(k) in your retirement years, but you will likely be taxed at a rate lower than when you were fully employed.
At that point, the funds you withdraw are considered taxable income. Some 401(k) plans automatically withhold a portion – typically around 20% – to cover taxes. Be sure to check with your plan provider to understand how your withdrawals will be handled.
Double taxation occurs when taxes are levied twice on a single source of income. Often, this happens when dividends are taxed. Like individuals, corporations pay taxes on annual earnings. If these corporations later pay out dividends to shareholders, those shareholders may have to pay income tax on them.
Taking money from your 401(k) via a loan or a withdrawal doesn't affect your credit. Taking money from your IRA or other retirement accounts has no bearing on your credit or credit score, either.
As a general rule, if you withdraw funds before age 59 ½, you'll trigger an IRS tax penalty of 10%. The good news is that there's a way to take your distributions a few years early without incurring this penalty. This is known as the rule of 55.
The Only Way to Safely Implement the 7% Rule
A GLWB allows you to withdraw up to 7% of your annuity's value annually, ensuring you receive income for life, even if the annuity's balance is exhausted.
Ultimately, this comes down to the choice that's best for your finances. Your money has the most potential for growth if you take your entire minimum distribution at the end of each calendar year. But personal budgeting may be easiest if you take your minimum distribution in 12 monthly portions.
Since Jan. 1, 2024, however, a new IRS rule allows retirement plan owners to withdraw up to $1,000 for unspecified personal or family emergency expenses, penalty-free, if their plan allows.
Since 401(k) contributions are pre-tax, the more money you put into your 401(k), the more you can reduce your taxable income. By increasing your contributions by just 1%, you can reduce your overall taxable income, all while building your retirement savings even more.
Roll over your 401(k) to a Roth IRA
You can roll Roth 401(k) contributions and earnings directly into a Roth IRA tax-free. Any additional contributions and earnings can grow tax-free. You are not required to take RMDs. You may have more investment choices than what was available in your former employer's 401(k).
If you have $400,000 in the bank you can retire early at age 62, but it will be tight. The good news is that if you can keep working for just five more years, you are on track for a potentially quite comfortable retirement by full retirement age.
The Rule of 72 is a simple way to estimate how long it will take your investments to double by dividing 72 by your expected annual return rate. Higher-risk investments like stocks have historically doubled money faster (around seven years) compared with lower-risk options like bonds (around 12 years).
According to the $1,000 per month rule, retirees can receive $1,000 per month if they withdraw 5% annually for every $240,000 they have set aside. For example, if you aim to take out $2,000 per month, you'll need to set aside $480,000.