Does student loan forgiveness count as taxable income?

Asked by: Anne Collins  |  Last update: January 20, 2026
Score: 4.1/5 (2 votes)

The IRS considers canceled debt, including most forms of student loan debt forgiveness or student loan discharge, to be taxable income. However, borrowers working toward loan forgiveness have been exempt from taxes thanks to the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.

Are student loan forgiveness taxable income?

Federal student loans forgiven under income-driven repayment (IDR) plans are typically treated as taxable income. Forgiveness under the plans is common because the borrower makes monthly payments based on their income, which may be less than the amount of interest accrued each month.

Do I have to report forgiven debt on my tax return?

Generally, if you borrow money from a commercial lender and the lender later cancels or forgives the debt, you may have to include the cancelled amount in income for tax purposes. The lender is usually required to report the amount of the canceled debt to you and the IRS on a Form 1099-C, Cancellation of Debt.

Is a forgivable loan taxable as income?

Once these requirements are satisfied, the principal of the loan is forgiven and, therefore, not required to be paid back to the employer. The principal of the loan is considered income to the employee and is taxable.

Will you get a 1099-C for student loan forgiveness?

When you receive any type of debt forgiveness for more than $600, the creditor is supposed to send you a Form 1099-C. You'll find, in box 2, an amount of tax forgiven, and you need to enter that amount on your tax return marked “other income.” The IRS generally considers forgiven debt as income for tax purposes.

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33 related questions found

Does 1099-C affect my taxes?

In most situations, if you receive a Form 1099-C, "Cancellation of Debt," from the lender that forgave the debt, you'll have to report the amount of cancelled debt on your tax return as taxable income.

Will I get a tax form for my student loan forgiveness?

"When all or a portion of a student loan is discharged after December 31, 2020 and before January 1, 2026, an applicable entity is not required to, and should not, file a Form 1099-C information return with the IRS or furnish a payee statement to the borrower under section 6050P as a result of the discharge."

What is the tax rate for a 1099 C?

How Are Taxes for Debt Settlement Calculated? How much will you owe in taxes from your debt settlement? That depends on your overall taxable income. Your income, including amounts listed on your 1099-Cs, gets taxed at the normal progressive rate, which ranges from 10% to 37%.

How does IRS tax forgiveness work?

There are four main forgiveness programs accessible to taxpayers: Installment agreement — The most common repayment period is 72 months. The IRS recommends this if you can't pay your tax debt in full, including penalties and interest. Offer in compromise (OIC) — You offer to pay the IRS a fraction of what you owe.

Do federal loans count as taxable income?

A loan is borrowed money you have to repay. Loans are not taxable, so you don't report the loan on your tax return.

Is debt forgiveness to a family member taxable?

When this happens, the IRS won't tax the canceled debts as income. Your forgiven debt includes tax-deductible interest. If a lender forgives a business loan or mortgage, you don't need to report the interest as income because it would have been deductible anyway.

What happens if you owe the IRS more than $25,000?

If you owe the IRS more than $25,000, it's important to understand what can happen next and what actions you can take. The IRS escalates its collection efforts when the amount owed exceeds $25,000, which can result in severe penalties such as asset seizure, bank levy, wage garnishment, and even passport revocation.

How does debt forgiveness affect your credit?

The short answer is yes, credit card debt forgiveness can negatively affect your credit score. However, the impact depends on various factors, including your current credit score and the specifics of your debt settlement agreement.

Do I have to pay taxes on my student loan refund?

You won't get taxed by the federal government, but your state might tax you. Any debt forgiven as a result of a payment count adjustment won't create a federal tax liability for you. The American Rescue Plan Act includes a provision temporarily modifying the tax treatment of forgiven or discharged student loan debt.

Is the student loan forgiveness income based?

Under an income-driven repayment (IDR) plan, you may be eligible to have any remaining balance on your student loans automatically canceled or forgiven after 20 to 25 years, and for some borrowers, loans will be canceled in as little as 10 years!

Does repayment of a loan count as income?

Since lenders require you to repay a personal loan, they are considered debt and not taxable income. If a lender forgives some or all of the loan, you may have to pay taxes on the forgiven loan amount. The IRS allows taxpayers to deduct interest on personal loan funds used for business purposes.

Is loan forgiveness taxable income?

In general, if your debt is canceled, forgiven, or discharged for less than the amount owed, the amount of the canceled debt is taxable. If taxable, you must report the canceled debt on your tax return for the year in which the cancellation occurred.

What is the IRS 6 year rule?

6 years - If you don't report income that you should have reported, and it's more than 25% of the gross income shown on the return, or it's attributable to foreign financial assets and is more than $5,000, the time to assess tax is 6 years from the date you filed the return.

Where does debt forgiveness go on tax return?

For example, if you borrow money and your debt is forgiven by the lender, you generally need to include the canceled portion of the debt in your income. Lenders are also required to report the amount of debt canceled using Form 1099-C, Cancellation of Debt.

Do you pay more taxes as a 1099 or W-2?

Self-employment tax: 1099 contractors are subject to self-employment tax, which covers both the employer and employee portions of Social Security and Medicare taxes. This totals 15.3% of your net earnings. In contrast, W-2 employees only pay the employee portion (7.65%), while their employer covers the remaining half.

Do you report 1099 C on tax return?

1099-C instructions

While you don't have to provide the Form 1099 C with your return, you should use it to prepare and file your federal tax return, as the canceled debt may be included in your gross income unless an exception applies.

How much of my 1099 income is taxable?

Does mileage affect 1099 income tax rate? No, the 1099 income tax rate is fixed at 15.3%. Self-employed contractors can deduct business-related mileage expenses to lower their income and consequently pay less taxes.

How to calculate tax on student loan forgiveness?

Once you know your tax bracket, you'll need to consider the amount of student loan debt being forgiven. This is because the IRS generally considers forgiven debt as taxable income. For example, if $10,000 of your student loans are forgiven and you fall into the 12% tax bracket, you would owe an extra $1,200 in taxes.

Which states tax student loan forgiveness?

Separately, at the state level, student loan debt forgiveness will go untaxed in most states. There are only five states currently on track to tax any forgiven student loans, including Arkansas, Indiana, North Carolina, Mississippi and Wisconsin, according to Walczak.

What are sources of income that need to be declared to the IRS?

Types of taxable income
  • Self-employment or side jobs. Freelance or independent contractor work. Goods or services you sell online. ...
  • Investments. Capital gains. Stock options, splits or trades. ...
  • Benefits paid to you. Retirement plan distributions, pensions or annuities. ...
  • Other types of income. Tax refunds, reimbursements and rebates.