The executor — the person named in a will to carry out what it says after the person's death — is responsible for settling the deceased person's debts. If there's no will, the court may appoint an administrator, personal representative, or universal successor and give them the power to settle the affairs of the estate.
The probate court or state law will provide a deadline for creditors to make formal claims or dispute an executor's decision not to pay a claim. Sometimes a creditor also will make a claim against a beneficiary, since estate debts transfer to them in proportion to what they inherited, but this is uncommon.
California has one of the most detailed schemes, which provides that the executor fee is four percent of the first $100,000 of the estate, three percent of the next $100,000, two percent of the next $800,000, one percent on the next $9 million, one-half of one percent on the next $15 million, and a “reasonable amount" ...
As an executor, you aren't personally responsible for paying the deceased debts, unless you cosigned on a loan or are a joint account holder on a credit card. Where you might run into trouble is if you ignore your state's laws, sell the car and pocket the difference or distribute it to other heirs.
Most claims are informal—that is, they're just ordinary bills, sent to the deceased person, that get forwarded to the executor. The executor has authority to pay these debts as they come in, using estate assets. (Usually, the executor consolidates the deceased person's liquid assets into an estate checking account.)
Being an executor can come with certain risks and challenges, such as: Personal Liability: Executors may be held personally liable for mistakes or mismanagement of estate assets. Complex Legal Procedures: Navigating probate court and legal requirements can be overwhelming without proper guidance.
While California law grants executors considerable authority in managing estate assets, the powers of an executor of a will are limited by the fiduciary duties owed to the estate and its beneficiaries. This means that executors are legally required to act in the best interests of the estate and its beneficiaries.
All personal representatives must include fees paid to them from an estate in their gross income. If you aren't in the trade or business of being an executor (for instance, you are the executor of a friend's or relative's estate), report these fees on your Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 8.
The executor has authority from the county probate court to act in this role, but that doesn't necessarily mean that the executor has the final say on all decisions regarding the estate. In fact, they're instead tasked with simply following the guidelines set forth by the will and other estate planning documents.
An executor of a will cannot take everything unless they are the will's sole beneficiary. An executor is a fiduciary to the estate beneficiaries, not necessarily a beneficiary. Serving as an executor only entitles someone to receive an executor fee.
And in nine “community property” states, including California and Texas, spouses may be equally responsible for debts incurred during the marriage, including medical debt. Other states may have laws that hold spouses responsible for paying certain essential costs, like health care.
With the exception of birth certificates, death certificates, marriage certificates, and divorce decrees, which you should keep indefinitely, you should keep the other documents for at least three years after a person's death or three years after filing an estate tax return, whichever is later.
Most debt is paid by the estate and assets of the deceased
Today, most people die with at least some debt. It could be credit card debt, medical bills, and/or a mortgage on a home, among other things.
If you contact the bank before consulting an attorney, you risk account freezes, which could severely delay auto-payments and direct deposits and most importantly mortgage payments. You should call Social Security right away to tell them about the death of your loved one.
Yes, that is fraud. Someone should file a probate case on the deceased person.
California requires an executor bond, also known as a probate bond or fiduciary bond, to ensure that executors live up to their financial responsibilities. Executor pay is set based on the size of the estate. For example, the executor is entitled to 4% of the first $100,000 of the estate, then 3% of the next $100,000.
Inheritance checks are generally not reported to the IRS unless they involve cash or cash equivalents exceeding $10,000. Banks and financial institutions are required to report such transactions using Form 8300. Most inheritances are paid by regular check, wire transfer, or other means that don't qualify for reporting.
The fees you are paid as a personal representative, executor, or Administrator of an estate are treated as taxable income.
While executors have discretion in some areas, your core decision-making is bounded by: The deceased's will. You must follow their distribution wishes rather than diverging based on your own judgments.
If you're wondering whether an executor can override a beneficiary, you're asking the wrong question. An executor can't override what's in a Will. If you're a beneficiary mentioned in someone's Will, the executor can't cut you from the Will after the testator has died. You still have rights to the estate as written.
An executor can also be someone you've named as a beneficiary in your will. The role of an executor is a serious one which carries a lot of responsibility. When choosing your executor or executors you need to bear this in mind. It should be someone you trust to carry out this work.
However, an executor cannot withhold money simply at their own discretion or for personal reasons. Executors have a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of the estate and its beneficiaries, so any withholding must be justifiable and transparent.
As executor, it is your responsibility to locate the original will and submit it for probate. It is a good idea to get it now and make sure you are keeping it in a safe place.