Put simply, yes. If you owe back taxes, the IRS can legally garnish your pension, 401(k), and other classifications of retirement accounts. Not only is the IRS legally authorized to garnish your pension and retirement accounts, but it is their duty to recompense unpaid debts from taxpayers.
Mandatory income tax withholding of 20% applies to most taxable distributions paid directly to you in a lump sum from employer retirement plans even if you plan to roll over the taxable amount within 60 days.
The Feds Can Tap Your 401(k) Funds for Taxes
Though a less common reason than overdue taxes, the federal government can also potentially seize or garnish your 401(k) if you have committed a federal crime and are ordered to pay fines or penalties.
Retirement accounts set up under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974 are generally protected from seizure by creditors.
Lets get one thing out of the way first: unless you have an IRS levy or other legal judgment against you, the US Government has no legal standing to seize the contents of your private retirement account, such as your 401k, IRA, Thrift Savings Plan, your self-employed retirement plan, or any other retirement plan.
The Takeaway
So, can the government take money out of your bank account? The answer is yes – sort of. While the government may not be the one directly taking the money out of someone's account, they can permit an employer or financial institution to do so.
While the federal government can take just about anything it wants, you can't forget that your retirement accounts may be at risk of seizure by your state tax authority too. In some states 401(k) plans are safe from state authorities, while IRA accounts are not.
The taxable part of your pension or annuity payments is generally subject to federal income tax withholding. You may be able to choose not to have income tax withheld from your pension or annuity payments (unless they're eligible rollover distributions) or may want to specify how much tax is withheld.
Tax on a 401k Withdrawal after 65 Varies
Whatever you take out of your 401k account is taxable income, just as a regular paycheck would be; when you contributed to the 401k, your contributions were pre-tax, and so you are taxed on withdrawals.
There is no magic age at which you're allowed to stop filing taxes with the IRS. However, once you're over the age of 65, your income thresholds that determine if you're required to file will change.
However once you are at full retirement age (between 65 and 67 years old, depending on your year of birth) your Social Security payments can no longer be withheld if, when combined with your other forms of income, they exceed the maximum threshold.
After you become 59 ½ years old, you can take your money out without needing to pay an early withdrawal penalty. You can choose a traditional or a Roth 401(k) plan. Traditional 401(k)s offer tax-deferred savings, but you'll still have to pay taxes when you take the money out.
Taxes on Pension Income
You have to pay income tax on your pension and on withdrawals from any tax-deferred investments—such as traditional IRAs, 401(k)s, 403(b)s and similar retirement plans, and tax-deferred annuities—in the year you take the money. The taxes that are due reduce the amount you have left to spend.
When you start a pension, you can choose to have federal and state taxes withheld from your monthly checks. The goal is to withhold enough taxes that you won't owe much money when you file your tax return. You don't want to get a large refund, either, unless you like lending money to Uncle Sam.
Other than a partial exemption for bankruptcy, there are no federally mandated exemptions from IRA garnishment. 4 Therefore, your retirement savings can be garnished to satisfy any federal debts. The most common federal debt satisfied by the seizure of IRA funds is back taxes owed to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
It can garnish wages, take money in your bank or other financial account, seize and sell your vehicle(s), real estate and other personal property. If you receive an IRS bill titled Final Notice of Intent to Levy and Notice of Your Right to A Hearing, contact us right away.
When you take 401(k) distributions and have the money sent directly to you, the service provider is required to withhold 20% for federal income tax.
Insurance proceeds and dividends paid either to veterans or to their beneficiaries. Interest on insurance dividends left on deposit with the Veterans Administration. Benefits under a dependent-care assistance program.
Foreign or "offshore" bank accounts are a popular place to hide both illegal and legally earned income. By law, any U.S. citizen with money in a foreign bank account must submit a document called a Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR) [source: IRS].
Can you retire at 55 to receive Social Security? Unfortunately, the answer is no. The earliest age you can begin receiving Social Security retirement benefits is 62.
The rule of 55 is an IRS guideline that allows you to avoid paying the 10% early withdrawal penalty on 401(k) and 403(b) retirement accounts if you leave your job during or after the calendar year you turn 55.
Anyone who withdraws from their 401(K) before they reach the age of 59 1/2, they will have to pay a 10% penalty along with their regular income tax.
In 2021, for example, the minimum for single filing status if under age 65 is $12,550. If your income is below that threshold, you generally do not need to file a federal tax return.