A “jumbo loan” refers to any conventional mortgage larger than the conforming loan limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) each year. In 2025, single-family mortgages with balances higher than $806,500 in most U.S. counties (and $1,209,750 in certain high-cost areas) are considered jumbo loans.
While buyers can likely find mortgage lenders to offer a conventional mortgage with less than a 20% down payment, jumbo loans with less than 20% down are harder to find.
Cons of Jumbo Loans
Higher closing costs and interest rates compared to conventional loans. Increased costs associated with jumbo loans make them less attractive to those looking to minimize upfront expenses. A cap on mortgage interest deduction for jumbo loans may limit the tax benefits borrowers can receive.
About jumbo loans
A loan is considered jumbo if the amount of the mortgage exceeds loan-servicing limits set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac — currently $806,500 for a single-family home in all states (except Hawaii and Alaska and a few federally designated high-cost markets, where the limit is $1,209,750).
You can potentially avoid a jumbo loan by saving for a larger down payment. By saving more, you reduce the amount you need to borrow. You can also avoid applying for a jumbo loan by looking at less expensive properties you can finance with a conforming loan.
A maximum loan amount describes the total sum that one is authorized to borrow on a line of credit, credit card, personal loan, or mortgage. In determining an applicant's maximum loan amount, lenders consider debt-to-income ratio, credit score, credit history, and financial profile.
Borrowers typically seek jumbo loans to finance high-value homes for which more traditional mortgage options are limited.
Qualification Thresholds for Jumbo Loans
There usually is a hard credit score minimum of 700, and many lenders may even require as high as 720 or 740. Debt-to-income (DTI) ratio: The maximum DTI for a Jumbo loan is typically around 45%,though this can vary depending on the specific lender.
In 2024, the conforming loan limit for most counties in the U.S. is $766,550. For homes in Los Angeles County, the conforming loan limit is $1,149,825 in 2024. Nearby Orange County is the same amount but in San Bernardino and Kern counties, the limit is $766,550.
A “piggyback” second mortgage is a home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC) that is made at the same time as your main mortgage. Its purpose is to allow borrowers with low down payment savings to borrow additional money in order to qualify for a main mortgage without paying for private mortgage insurance.
Do jumbo loans require mortgage insurance? Making a down payment of less than 20% normally means you have to pay for private mortgage insurance (PMI). That's true for most jumbo loans as well as conforming mortgages. PMI can be pretty expensive — especially for jumbo loans.
Although a 700 credit score will typically get you a jumbo loan approval, lenders often offer the best jumbo mortgage rates to borrowers with higher credit scores. Make a bigger down payment. Unlike conventional loans, you'll need at least a 10% to 20% down payment to qualify for a jumbo loan.
Most lenders require at least 10% of the home's value as a down payment on a jumbo loan, although some may ask for up to 30% to reduce their risk. If you put less than 20% down, you'll likely be required to have private mortgage insurance (PMI) until you have at least 20% equity in your house.
Most mortgages, including conventional conforming loans and jumbo loans, aren't assumable. Some conventional loans have assumption clauses for exceptional circumstances, such as the death of a spouse – but that doesn't apply to homebuyers who are seeking an assumable mortgage.
A jumbo loan is a non-conforming loan for loan amounts greater than $806,500 for a single-family home. In certain high cost areas, including Alaska and Hawaii, the conforming limit is up to $1,209,750.
Home loans above the conforming loan limit are called jumbo mortgages. A jumbo mortgage can have a fixed rate or an adjustable rate. A 30-year jumbo mortgage will have a loan term of 30 years. Other jumbo loan options are also available.
2025 FHA County Loan Limits in California
The FHA's 2025 current floor is $524,225 and the ceiling is $1,209,750. FHA High Balance Jumbo loan limit – California FHA loan amounts in high-cost counties between $524,225 and $1,209,750 are referred to FHA jumbo loans or FHA high balance loans.
Typically, jumbo loan rates are higher than conventional loan rates. Since jumbo loans carry higher loan amounts and pose higher risks to lenders, they often come with higher interest rates. Additionally, jumbo loans may require larger down payments and stricter qualification criteria compared to conventional loans.
To qualify for a jumbo loan, you'll need a higher credit score — and possibly a higher income, down payment or more assets — than you would for a conforming loan. For example, U.S. Bank calls for a minimum 740 credit score to be considered for a jumbo loan versus 620 for a conforming loan.
Difficult process: Jumbo loans come with higher risks for the lender which makes the refinancing process time-consuming. This also means the requirements can be stricter than conforming mortgages. Lenders usually look for high credit scores, low DTI ratios and good cash reserves.
With a $45,000 annual salary, you could potentially afford a house priced between $135,000 to $180,000, depending on your financial situation, credit score, and current market conditions. However, this range can vary significantly based on several factors we'll discuss.
With FICO, fair or good credit scores fall within the ranges of 580 to 739, and with VantageScore, fair or good ranges between 601 to 780. Many personal loan lenders offer amounts starting around $3,000 to $5,000, but with Upgrade, you can apply for as little as $1,000 (and as much as $50,000).