While a hard inquiry will stay on your credit report for two years, it will usually only impact your credit for up to a year, and usually by less than five points. Too many hard inquiries in a short time could make it look like you're seeking loans and credit cards that you may not be able to pay back.
How do hard inquiries impact your credit score? A hard credit inquiry could lower your credit score by as much as 10 points, though in many cases the damage probably won't be that significant. As FICO explains: “For most people, one additional credit inquiry will take less than five points off their FICO Scores.”
Since hard inquiries affect your credit score and what is found may even affect approval, you might be wondering: How many inquiries is too many? The answer differs from lender to lender, but most consider six total inquiries on a report at one time to be too many to gain approval for an additional credit card or loan.
Credit scores can drop due to a variety of reasons, including late or missed payments, changes to your credit utilization rate, a change in your credit mix, closing older accounts (which may shorten your length of credit history overall), or applying for new credit accounts.
In most cases, hard inquiries have very little if any impact on your credit scores—and they have no effect after one year from the date the inquiry was made. So when a hard inquiry is removed from your credit reports, your scores may not improve much—or see any movement at all.
You recently applied for credit
If you applied for a credit card or are shopping around for a loan, a hard inquiry can appear on your credit report, which temporarily lower a score.
If you find an unauthorized or inaccurate hard inquiry, you can file a dispute letter and request that the bureau remove it from your report. The consumer credit bureaus must investigate dispute requests unless they determine your dispute is frivolous.
Missed bill payments, high credit utilization, bankruptcy, and a number of other factors can cause your credit score to drop.
For a score with a range between 300 and 850, a credit score of 700 or above is generally considered good. A score of 800 or above on the same range is considered to be excellent. Most consumers have credit scores that fall between 600 and 750. In 2022, the average FICO® Score☉ in the U.S. reached 714.
Bottomline: The Type of Inquiry May Affect Your Credit Score
A single hard inquiry will go mostly unnoticed by the credit bureaus. Any “damage” done will mend itself in a couple months. However, if you make too many hard inquiries in a short enough period of time, your credit score will drop, possibly significantly.
Each hard inquiry can cause your credit score to drop by a few points. There's no such thing as “too many” hard inquiries, but multiple credit inquiries within a short window of time can suggest that you might be a risky borrower.
Although hard inquiries can remain on your credit reports for up to two years and temporarily lower your credit scores, responsible credit use can help you rebound over time. But you'll want to keep an eye on your credit reports to stay informed about your current credit situation.
Several factors can ruin your credit score, including if you make several late payments or open to many credit card accounts at once. You can ruin your credit score if you file for bankruptcy or have a debt settlement. Most negative information will remain on your credit report for seven to 10 years.
Exceptions to the impact on your credit score
The period of time may vary depending on the credit scoring model used, but it's typically from 14 to 45 days. This allows you to check different lenders and find out the best loan terms for you.
Your credit score may go up for several reasons, and they all have to do with changes to the information on your credit report. Common reasons for a score increase include: a reduction in credit card debt, the removal of old negative marks from your credit report and on-time payments being added to your report.
The minimum credit score needed for most mortgages is typically around 620. However, government-backed mortgages like Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans typically have lower credit requirements than conventional fixed-rate loans and adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs).
It's possible that you could see your credit scores drop after fulfilling your payment obligations on a loan or credit card debt. Paying off debt might lower your credit scores if removing the debt affects certain factors like your credit mix, the length of your credit history or your credit utilization ratio.
Credit score required: 620
Conventional loans are the most common type of mortgage, accounting for about 70% of the market. They usually require a 620 credit score, though some lenders will consider applicants with scores as low as 580.
Credit utilization — the portion of your credit limits that you are currently using — is a significant factor in credit scores. It is one reason your credit score could drop a little after you pay off debt, particularly if you close the account.
You have a legal right to request that a credit bureau remove hard inquiries from your report only when one of the following conditions applies: Alert: highest cash back card we've seen now has 0% intro APR for 15 months. Learn more here. You did not apply for credit through the company that pulled your report.
Disputing hard inquiries on your credit report involves working with the credit reporting agencies and possibly the creditor that made the inquiry. Hard inquiries can't be removed, however, unless they're the result of identity theft. Otherwise, they'll have to fall off naturally, which happens after two years.