The ultra-rich minimize or avoid paying income tax primarily by structuring their finances so that their wealth comes from asset appreciation (capital gains) rather than traditional taxable income. They use sophisticated, yet legal, strategies to defer or eliminate tax liability on their growing fortunes.
Wealthy family buys stocks, bonds, real estate, art, or other high-value assets. It strategically holds on to these assets and allows them to grow in value. The family won't owe income tax on the growth in the assets' value unless it sells them and makes a profit.
We thought Michigan residents might be interesting in learning how Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and several company insiders are using a legal tactic called a “grantor-retained annuity trust” to avoid paying hundreds of millions of dollars in estate and gift taxes on their Facebook shares.
“Tesla: The company has used mechanisms like deferred tax assets, research and development credits, and massive deductions from Elon Musk's stock-based compensation to reduce its U.S. federal income tax to near zero in profitable years.”
The Billionaires Income Tax Act is a proposed U.S. federal bill, reintroduced in the 119th Congress (2025-2026), aiming to ensure the wealthiest individuals pay annual taxes on their unrealized wealth gains, closing loopholes like "buy, borrow, die" that allow deferral until death, often tax-free. Key provisions include marking publicly traded assets to market annually for taxation and imposing annual taxes on unrealized gains from non-tradable assets, treating them more like earned income, according to Senator Ron Wyden, Representatives Steve Cohen, and Don Beyer and Representative Steve Cohen.
There are several ways to reduce tax bills and pay no taxes legally, and one of the easiest ways is to take full advantage of a self-employment tax deduction scheme. In the US, this deduction allows you to deduct a portion of your self-employed income from your taxable profit, provided there are allowable expenses.
One of the biggest reasons Bezos pays little in personal income tax is that he doesn't rely on a traditional salary. Instead, he holds most of his wealth in Amazon stock. Here's why this matters: Capital gains taxes are much lower than income taxes in most cases.
“The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax.” Albert Einstein hit the nail on the head with this oft-repeated quote. The U.S. Tax Code is long, complex, and ever-changing. This is especially true for people with higher incomes, changing life circumstances, and families to consider.
Warren Buffett
Buffett is currently worth $136 billion (£107bn). One of Buffett's most famous quotes is about not leaving his vast fortune to his children: "I want to give my kids just enough so that they would feel that they could do anything, but not so much that they would feel like doing nothing".
Googlers call Zuckerberg's approach the 80 percent rule
She calls this idea the 80 percent rule. It states you should schedule only about 80 percent of your days. Leave 20 percent open to absorb whatever craziness comes up.
The wealthy paid lower overall taxes because they were able to shelter more of their business income from taxes, and on the income they did report, tax rates were lower, the authors said.
Grantor Retained Annuity Trusts (GRATs)
A GRAT is an irrevocable trust designed to shift future asset appreciation to beneficiaries, typically children, with minimal gift and estate tax liability. The grantor contributes assets into the GRAT and in return receives a series of annual payments for a specified term.
In fact, the list of billionaires paying $0 in income tax reads like a who's-who of the world's most famous executives. Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and Tesla CEO Elon Musk, for example, are the two wealthiest people in the world, according to the Forbes Billionaires' List.
Yes, Jeff Bezos famously paid himself a modest salary of around $80,000 per year at Amazon for about two decades, choosing equity over large paychecks to align with his founder's mindset and drive wealth through increased company value, not more salary. He felt his significant ownership stake provided ample incentive, and he was proud of this decision, which allowed him to avoid higher taxes while his stock value soared.
The IRS 7-year rule primarily applies to keeping records for claiming a deduction for bad debts or losses from worthless securities, allowing a longer period to file for a credit or refund, but it's not a universal audit limit; it's often a recommended safe buffer for general record-keeping, with the standard IRS audit period usually being 3 years, extending to 6 years for substantial income omission (over 25%) or foreign income issues, and indefinitely for fraud.
The IRS $600 rule refers to a change in reporting requirements for third-party payment apps (like Venmo, PayPal) for taxable income from goods and services, where platforms must send a Form 1099-K if you receive over $600 in a year, intended to capture gig economy/side hustle income, though delays and phased implementation have adjusted the timeline, with current rules for 2024 using a higher threshold ($5,000) before fully phasing to $600 for future years, but remember all taxable income, regardless of form, must always be reported.
Business titans tend to take their compensation as shares in publicly traded companies and privately held businesses, as well as investments in “pass-through” companies with special tax rules.
President-elect Donald Trump campaigned on lowering the US corporate income tax rate to 15 percent. He made the same request in 2017 when Republicans passed their tax cuts, but Congress only cut the federal rate to 21 percent—down from the worldwide high of 35 percent.
On a $100,000 capital gain, you'll likely pay 15% for long-term gains, resulting in about $15,000 in federal tax (plus potential state tax), but it could be 0% or 20% depending on your total taxable income and filing status, while short-term gains are taxed as ordinary income (potentially 22-24%).