One of the most famous, significant and big short squeezes of the 21 century is the sharp rise in the stock price of German car maker Volkswagen AG (XETR: VOW) in 2008. Between 24 and 28 October in that year, the company's share price recorded a 376.65% growth, up from 210.85 to 1005.01 EUR.
The shortage causes the stock's price to jump even higher to $20, which in turn triggers other short sellers to close their positions. They have to now also purchase back shares, and hence a buying frenzy and short squeeze occurs. Theoretically, there's no limit to how much money short sellers can lose.
Short squeezes highlight the inherent risk of short selling, as the potential losses are unlimited. The price of an asset can theoretically rise infinitely, in stark contrast to buying shares, where the loss is limited to the initial investment should the asset's price fall to zero.
At its height, on January 28, the short squeeze caused the retailer's stock price to reach a pre-market value of over US$500 per share ($125 split-adjusted), nearly 30 times the $17.25 valuation at the beginning of the month. The price of many other heavily shorted securities and cryptocurrencies also increased.
The Volkswagen short-squeeze was a unique occurrence on the market at the time. In the midst of the Great Financial Crisis of 2008, Volkswagen saw its shares skyrocket, reaching above EUR 1,000 and briefly becoming the most valuable company on the planet.
Although short squeezes may occur naturally in the stock market the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) states that abusing short sale practices is illegal. In addition, short sales used to manipulate the price of a stock are prohibited.
Using data from all publicly listed US companies from 1972 to 2022, we defined two distinct categories of short squeezes: “strict” and “loose.” A strict short squeeze is when a stock's price rises by 50% to 500% and then falls back down to between 80% and 120% of its previous value in the course of one month.
MOASS stands for “Mother of All Short Squeezes,” a phenomenon where stock prices skyrocket due to mass buying. It gained prominence with the GameStop stock saga, where day traders challenged large hedge funds. The strategy involves a high volume of purchases to drive up stock prices, countering short sellers.
Who Loses and Who Benefits From a Short Squeeze? Speculators and traders who have short positions in a stock will face heavy losses if the stock undergoes a short squeeze. Contrarian investors who have built up long positions in the stock in anticipation of a short squeeze will benefit as the stock price climbs.
In general, short squeezes tend to last somewhere between several days and several months. There is no real “typical” length for a short squeeze, as each one is unique.
One strategy for trading on a short squeeze is to go long on (or buy) the asset that is set to rise in share price; however, different strategies will work for different trading personalities or overall goals. Trading a short squeeze is possible through our derivative products such as spread bets and CFDs.
The best way to identify short squeeze candidates is to look at the number of shares short relative to a stock's average daily trading volume. This is known as the days to cover ratio. Stocks with days to cover ratios of 5 or more may be susceptible to short squeezes.
The GameStop short squeeze, starting in January 2021, was a short squeeze occurring on shares of GameStop, primarily triggered by the Reddit forum WallStreetBets. This squeeze led to the share price reaching an all-time intraday high of US$483 on January 28, 2021 on the NYSE.
Generally, competition is directly related to higher stock prices, so the higher the number of days to cover, the greater the probability of a short squeeze. In the example above, if all the short-sellers desired to close positions right now, it would take roughly four days in total.
It's the maximum allowable increase or decrease in a company's stock price. The price range for equities might range from 2% to 20%. The stock exchange determines this range after reviewing the share's past price behaviour. The daily price range also considers the previous day's closing price.
The all-time high GameStop stock closing price was 86.88 on January 27, 2021. The GameStop 52-week high stock price is 64.83, which is 109% above the current share price. The GameStop 52-week low stock price is 9.95, which is 67.9% below the current share price.
Keith Gill, known online as "Roaring Kitty," is credited with triggering the GameStop stock rally in 2020, when he posted online that he believed the shares were undervalued. As of June 13, 2024, Gill's net worth includes more than 9 million GameStop shares valued at $262 million, and about $6.3 million in cash.
The Direct Registration System (DRS) allows registered securities to be held in electronic form without having a physical security certificate issued as evidence of ownership.
What Was the Bigggest Short Squeeze in History? The biggest short squeeze in history happened to Volkswagen stock in 2008. Although the auto maker's prospects seemed dismal, the company's outlook suddenly reversed when Porsche revealed a controlling stake.
If buying a stock that's in squeeze territory doesn't fall within your long-term objectives, you might want to step aside and not trade. If you do decide to venture in, make sure you have no illusions and no misconceptions of the dangers.
Although some short squeezes may occur naturally in the market, a scheme to manipulate the price or availability of stock in order to cause a short squeeze is illegal. In the end, short-sellers are considered well informed investors who have the ability to identify overvalued stocks.
But there's no ceiling on the stock. You can sell it at $10 and then be forced to buy it back at $20 … or $200 … or $2 million. There is no theoretical limit on how high a stock can go. The first way to avoid getting squeezed is simply to avoid shorting.
Understanding Short Squeezes
Eventually, the seller will have to buy back shares. If the stock's price has dropped, the short seller makes money due to the difference between the price of the stock sold on margin and the reduced stock price paid later.
Short squeezes are typically triggered either by unexpected good news that drives a security's price sharply higher or simply by a gradual build-up of buying pressure that begins to outweigh the selling pressure in the market.