When someone inherits investment assets, the IRS resets the asset's original cost basis to its value at the date of the inheritance. The heir then pays capital gains taxes on that basis. The result is a loophole in tax law that reduces or even eliminates capital gains tax on the sale of these inherited assets.
If you inherit property or assets, as opposed to cash, you generally don't owe taxes until you sell those assets. These capital gains taxes are then calculated using what's known as a stepped-up cost basis. This means that you pay taxes only on appreciation that occurs after you inherit the property.
Transfer assets into a trust
An irrevocable trust transfers asset ownership from the original owner to the trust beneficiaries. Because those assets don't legally belong to the person who set up the trust, they aren't subject to estate or inheritance taxes when that person passes away.
For example, say your parents bought a home for $100,000 that's worth $400,000 by the time you inherit it. Under ordinary capital gains tax rules, you'd owe tax on the $300,000 difference between what your parents paid for it and its current value.
When you inherit property, the IRS applies what is known as a stepped-up cost basis. You do not automatically pay taxes on any property that you inherit. If you sell, you owe capital gains taxes only on any gains that the asset made since you inherited it.
When a house is transferred via inheritance, the value of the house is stepped up to its fair market value at the time it was transferred, according to the IRS. This means that a home purchased many years ago is valued at current market value for capital gains.
This means right now, the law doesn't allow for any exemptions based on your age. Whether you're 65 or 95, seniors must pay capital gains tax where it's due.
Inheritance Tax and States
Reporting the sale of inherited property isn't complex. It only requires two forms (Schedule D and Form 8949) in most cases. Of course, investors will want to work with their accountant to ensure everything is done correctly for their specific situation.
This threshold gradually rises every year to account for inflation over time. As of 2023, your estate is required to pay the federal estate tax if the value of your taxable estate exceeds $12.92 million and increases to $13,610,000 for 2024.
Capital gains tax rates
Net capital gains are taxed at different rates depending on overall taxable income, although some or all net capital gain may be taxed at 0%. For taxable years beginning in 2023, the tax rate on most net capital gain is no higher than 15% for most individuals.
The basis of property inherited from a decedent is generally one of the following: The fair market value (FMV) of the property on the date of the decedent's death (whether or not the executor of the estate files an estate tax return (Form 706, United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return)).
Inheritance checks are generally not reported to the IRS unless they involve cash or cash equivalents exceeding $10,000. Banks and financial institutions are required to report such transactions using Form 8300. Most inheritances are paid by regular check, wire transfer, or other means that don't qualify for reporting.
A step-up in basis happens when an asset's cost basis is reset to match the property's fair market value (FMV) when an heir's benefactor dies rather than when the asset was purchased.
Tax assessment records and local realtors can help you, but the most legally defensible estimate is from a professional appraiser. With a professional appraisal of the property, you can make sure you're being treated fairly by the executor and other heirs—and you can decide whether to sell.
If you received a gift or inheritance, do not include it in your income. However, if the gift or inheritance later produces income, you will need to pay tax on that income.
Your share of sales proceeds (generally reported on Form 1099-S Proceeds From Real Estate Transactions) from the sale of an inherited home should be reported on Schedule D (Form 1040) Capital Gains and Losses in the Investment Income section of TaxAct.
Inheritances — Your holding period is automatically considered to be more than one year. So, when you sell the inherited stock, it's subject to long-term capital treatment. This applies regardless of the actual holding period.
There is no federal inheritance tax. In fact, only six states — Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey and Pennsylvania — impose a tax on inherited assets as of 2024. Iowa Department of Revenue. Iowa Inheritance Tax Rates.
Current tax law does not allow you to take a capital gains tax break based on age. In the past, the IRS granted people over the age of 55 a tax exemption for home sales. However, this exclusion was eliminated in 1997 in favor of the expanded exemption for all homeowners.
You can sell your primary residence and avoid paying capital gains taxes on the first $250,000 of your profits if your tax-filing status is single, and up to $500,000 if married and filing jointly. The exemption is only available once every two years.
If you sell your primary residence, you qualify for an exemption from capital gains up to $250,000 for an individual or $500,000 for a couple filing jointly. In the past, this exemption was restricted to people who bought another house or reached a threshold age, but that's no longer the case.
The better option depends on you and your parents' specific situation, but typically inheriting a house can allow you to avoid most taxes for capital gains. If your parents transfer the house to you while they're still alive, you may be held responsible for paying for any increase in the house's value.
Whether you should sell or keep an inherited property is a difficult decision. If you want to live in the home or use it as a real estate investment property, keeping it makes sense. If you live far away, don't want to move into the home, or don't like the idea of being a landlord, selling it might make sense.