To avoid or minimize tax on superannuation in Australia, individuals aged 60 or over can generally withdraw lump sums or income streams tax-free. Key strategies include salary sacrificing to reduce taxable income, making personal tax-deductible contributions, or using a "re-contribution strategy" to convert taxable components into tax-free components.
5 Ways Billionaires Avoid Taxes: Strategies and Examples
2) Excess Contributions Tax. This tax applies when your contributions exceed your contribution threshold in a tax year. This tax is designed to remove and tax benefit from the contributions over the cap. It does this by taxing you at your marginal rate. It then gives you a 15% offset as this part is paid by your fund.
The bring-forward rule enables you to accelerate your super contributions by using up to three years' worth of non-concessional (after-tax) contributions caps in a single year. This means you could contribute up to three times the annual limit in one go, or spread your contribution out over two to three years.
Currently the transfer balance cap is $2 million. After you retire any amounts over the cap need to be transferred into an accumulation account or withdrawn taken out as a lump sum. Earnings on any excess amount in your retirement account are taxed at 15%.
On a $100,000 capital gain, you'll likely pay 15% for long-term gains, resulting in about $15,000 in federal tax (plus potential state tax), but it could be 0% or 20% depending on your total taxable income and filing status, while short-term gains are taxed as ordinary income (potentially 22-24%).
The primary "one-time" capital gains exemption in the U.S. allows single filers to exclude up to $250,000 (or $500,000 for married couples filing jointly) of profit from selling their main home, provided they've owned and lived in it for at least two of the last five years before the sale. While it's often called a one-time exclusion, you can use it multiple times, but you must wait two years before claiming it again on another property.
If you're aged 60 or over and withdraw a lump sum: You don't pay any tax when you withdraw from a taxed super fund.
The new $3 million super tax is a proposed tax change that will impose an additional 15% tax on investment earnings, including unrealised gains, for super balances exceeding $3 million. This would bring the total tax rate on these earnings to 30%.
You can make voluntary after-tax contributions, where you put money in that you've already paid tax on such as money from your bank account. As you've already paid tax on this money, no more tax is deducted when it goes into your super.
Borrowing Against Assets Instead of Selling Them
Instead of selling stock and triggering capital gains taxes, billionaires like Bezos often borrow money against their assets. This allows them to access cash without paying taxes on stock sales. Think of it like this: Bezos owns billions in Amazon stock.
There are many options for transferring wealth to the next generation beyond cash gifts; 2503(c) trusts, trusts with Crummey withdrawal rights, UGMA/UTMA accounts, and 529 plans are some of the most common and tax-efficient strategies available.
Capital gains tax rates
A capital gains rate of 0% applies if your taxable income is less than or equal to: $48,350 for single and married filing separately; $96,700 for married filing jointly and qualifying surviving spouse; and. $64,750 for head of household.
The "6-year rule" for Capital Gains Tax (CGT) in Australia allows you to treat a former main residence as tax-exempt for up to six years after you move out, even if you rent it out, enabling you to avoid CGT on any growth during that period. You qualify by moving out, choosing to treat it as your main home for tax, and can reset the rule by moving back in. If you rent it out for longer than six years, only the portion of the gain after the six-year mark becomes taxable.
The 20% rule for capital gains refers to the highest federal tax rate for long-term capital gains, applying to higher income brackets when you sell investments (stocks, real estate) held for over a year, with lower rates of 0% and 15% for lower incomes, and even higher rates for special assets like collectibles. This rate kicks in for single filers earning over approximately $492,300 (2024) or $533,401 (2025), and higher for joint filers, making holding assets over a year a key tax strategy.
A common way to defer or reduce your capital gains taxes is to use tax-advantaged accounts. Retirement accounts such as 401(k) plans, and individual retirement accounts offer tax-deferred investment. You don't pay income or capital gains taxes on assets while they remain in the account.
Capital gains tax on $300,000 depends on your filing status and total income, but for most, it will be taxed at the 15% federal rate, meaning around $45,000 in tax, potentially rising to 20% if your total income is very high, and you'll also need to account for state taxes and potentially a 3.8% Medicare surtax. A $300,000 gain usually falls into the 15% bracket for single filers (above $48,350) and married filing jointly (above $96,700), while for married filing separately, it hits the 20% bracket (over $300,000).
LCGE has an exemption limit for qualified farm and fishing property or qualified small business corporation shares of $1,250,000. This amount is indexed to inflation. With LCGE, you're allowed to subtract your taxable amount from your profits. Note that the LCGE is a cumulative lifetime limit.
In the organisation's super balance update, it found 2.5 per cent of the population have a super account of more than $1 million, as of June 2021. This represents 417,567 individuals, ASFA said, and is a 29 per cent increase from the 322,200 individuals who held over $1 million in June 2019.
Retiring at 60 with $500,000 in super is possible but challenging, depending heavily on your spending, lifestyle, and if you qualify for the Australian Age Pension. You might cover modest expenses using strategies like drawing down around $20,000 annually (using the 4% rule as a guide) plus other income, but it requires careful budgeting, potentially part-time work, and reducing living costs. A financial advisor can help tailor a plan, as $500k alone usually supports a basic to moderate retirement, not a lavish one.
Tax for higher account balances
Division 296 legislation imposes an additional 15% tax (on top of the existing 15%) on investment earnings of a super account where your total super balance exceeds $3 million at the end of the financial year.