Is a promissory note a loan document?

Asked by: Prof. Danyka Kub PhD  |  Last update: July 13, 2025
Score: 4.5/5 (36 votes)

A loan agreement is a contract between a borrower and a lender that specifies what each party has agreed to. A promissory note is where one party promises, in writing, to pay a set amount to the other according to their agreement. While they're similar, loan agreements and promissory notes are not the same thing.

Is a promissory note considered a loan?

A promissory note is usually shorter and less formal than a loan agreement, as it only outlines the repayment terms while ignoring many specific contractual terms. You'll likely issue a promissory note to a borrower if you lend money to a family member or investor for real estate purposes.

Is a promissory note a loan contract or agreement?

A promissory note agreement is a written promise from a borrower to repay a specific sum of money to a lender. These agreements outline the loan terms, including the repayment terms and the consequences of late payment.

What type of document is a promissory note?

A promissory note is a legally binding document in which the borrower agrees to repay the loan and any accrued interest and fees. The document also explains the terms and conditions of the loan. A signed, valid promissory note must be signed before loan funds can be disbursed.

How legally binding is a promissory note?

Promissory notes are legally binding whether the note is secured by collateral or based only on the promise of repayment. If you lend money to someone who defaults on a promissory note and does not repay, you can legally possess any property that individual promised as collateral.

How To Use Promissory Notes

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Will a notarized promissory note hold up in court?

Notarization provides added legitimacy and security, making enforcing the promissory note in court easier. It also helps verify the authenticity of signatures, reducing the risk of disputes.

What happens if the maker of a promissory note fails to pay?

If the maker fails to pay according to the terms of the promissory note, the holder can foreclose on the property that secured the note, thereby recovering the unpaid principal of the note, interest, fees and expenses. An unsecured promissory note is one that is not secured by any collateral.

What makes a promissory note invalid?

A promissory note could become invalid if: It isn't signed by both parties. The note violates laws. One party tries to change the terms of the agreement without notifying the other party.

Who holds the promissory note while it's being repaid?

A lender holds the promissory note until the mortgage loan is paid off.

Do I need a lawyer for a promissory note?

While a lawyer isn't mandatory for drafting a promissory note, it is a good idea to seek legal advice if you plan on lending or borrowing money.

What is the alternative to a promissory note?

A bill of exchange is similar to a promissory note, but has some key differences. The first thing to know about a bill of exchange is that it is only used in international business transactions.

Is a promissory note signed at closing?

Expect to receive and/or sign many documents. These documents will include: Your Closing Disclosure. Your promissory note, which is your promise to repay the mortgage loan to your lender.

Does a promissory note serve as collateral?

A secured promissory note is an agreement where the borrower puts something of value up as collateral to safeguard the value of the loan. In the event the borrower is unable to make payments and defaults on the loan, a secured promissory note empowers the lender to take possession of the collateral in lieu of payment.

What category is a promissory note?

A promissory note is a form of debt that companies and individuals sometimes use, like loans, to raise money. The issuer, through the notes, promises to return the buyer's funds (principal) and to make fixed interest payments to the buyer in exchange for borrowing the money.

What are the rules for promissory note?

The note must clearly mention only the promise of making the repayment and no other conditions. After issuance, a Promissory Note must be stamped according to the regulations of the Indian Stamp Act.

Does a promissory note create a lien?

Like loan contracts, promissory notes may contain a clause granting the borrower security in the asset in the event that the borrower defaults on the loan. However, a promissory note is rarely sufficient to grant the lender a lien on an asset if the borrower defaults on their loan, as a loan contract would do.

Is a promissory note a loan?

Promissory notes are a useful way to establish a clear record of a loan—whether between entities or individuals—and to put all the relevant terms in writing, so that there can be no question about the amount of money lent and when payments are due.

What is the legal document to pay back money?

A promissory note is a promise from the borrower to repay the lender in full by the due date, based on the repayment plan. That can include any unpaid principal sum, accrued interest, and late payment fees. It protects the rights of both parties, and can be referred back to if there's ever a dispute.

Who is primarily liable for payment of a promissory note?

Two parties are primarily liable: the maker of a note and the acceptor of a draft. They are required to pay by the terms of the instrument itself, and their liability is unconditional.

Can you go to jail for a promissory note?

In some circumstances, however, a promissory note is fraudulent and a promissory note scam is operated in order to improperly obtain investor funds. Promissory note fraud is a crime and those involved in a scam can face a lengthy prison sentence if convicted of fraud offenses.

What happens if you can't pay a promissory note?

If the borrower does not repay you, your legal recourse could include repossessing any collateral the borrower put up against the note, sending the debt to a collection agency, selling the promissory note (so someone else can try to collect it), or filing a lawsuit against the borrower.

Is a handwritten promissory note legal?

Promissory notes are quite simple and can be prepared by anyone. They do not need to be prepared by a lawyer or be notarized. It isn't even particularly significant whether a promissory note is handwritten or typed and printed.

What voids a promissory note?

Changes Made without a New Agreement

Modifying a promissory note without all parties' consent can void the note. Proper documentation and agreement through a new contract or amendment are necessary to maintain the note's validity.

Do you have to pay taxes on a promissory note?

Usually, income from a promissory note comes in the form of interest, which is subject to taxation and needs to be reported on your tax return.

Is a promissory note legally binding if not notarized?

Promissory notes don't have to be notarized in most cases. You can typically sign a legally binding promissory note that contains unconditional pledges to pay a certain sum of money. However, you can strengthen the legality of a valid promissory note by having it notarized.