Naming two people to maintain an estate plan can split the workload, which can make maintaining the assets easier and more effective. Having two trustees can also protect the beneficiaries' interests. Because both trustees must agree on any course of action, it creates additional protections against poor decisions.
If you have an even number of Trustees, decisions can be impossible to make if the Trustees cannot agree. You can inadvertently cause conflict in the family if you appoint siblings or family members as co-Trustees. A professional and non-professional Trustee typically creates confusion and frustration.
Choose people you can rely on to be your trustees and make sure they're happy to take on this responsibility. You should have at least two trustees but can choose up to four.
One of the most significant advantages of naming co-trustees is the built-in system of checks and balances. With more than one trustee, you ensure that no single individual has unchecked control over your trust.
A trustee can end up having to pay taxes out of their own personal funds if they fail to take action on behalf of the estate in a timely way. Of course, they can also face criminal liability for such crimes as taking money out of a trust to pay for their own kids' college tuition. Yup, that's stealing.
On the surface, it may seem like the best way to protect their legacy is to keep trust management within the family. However, this plan may backfire due to practicality or family dynamics. Appointing two or more siblings as co-trustees could create logistical problems.
Resolving Problems Among Co-Trustees
The trustees may agree to ask the court for instructions, or one trustee may appeal to the court to prevent the other trustee from acting. If disagreements happen frequently, one trustee may resign, or one may petition the probate court for removal of the other trustee.
The short answer is yes, a beneficiary can also be a trustee of the same trust—but it may not always be wise, and certain guidelines must be followed. Is it a good idea for a beneficiary to be a trustee? There are good reasons for naming a trust beneficiary as trustee.
As previously mentioned, trustees generally cannot withhold money from a beneficiary for no reason or indefinitely. Similarly, trustees cannot withdraw money from a trust to benefit themselves, even if the trustee is also a beneficiary.
With a co-trustee arrangement, the remaining trustee typically continues managing the trust if the other one has died. They handle responsibilities like maintaining property, paying taxes and distributing assets per the instructions of the trust creator.
What are the Pitfalls of a Co-Trustee? One of most difficult aspects of co-trustees working together is the requirement of unanimity. A majority rule does not exist for two co-trustees. The management of the trust means there must be agreement on all action taken.
Naming the same person as trustee and beneficiary can be problematic. Not only can it lead to a trustee and beneficiary conflict of interest, but it can make it difficult for the trustee to uphold their duty to treat all beneficiaries equally.
While in some situations it is appropriate for a sibling or other family member to serve as trustee, in many cases, particularly with a larger trust, naming a family member is not the best decision, for several reasons. First, clients fail to appreciate the amount of work involved in being a good trustee.
A co-trustee is one of multiple trustees serving simultaneously, typically with equal powers and duties. They share the responsibility of managing the trust's assets. Sometimes, a co-trustee can temporarily step in if the primary trustee is unavailable, such as during an illness.
It is possible to include either one corporate trustee or up to three individual trustees. A trustee can also be a beneficiary provided that it is not the sole trustee and beneficiary. If there is another trustee, or another beneficiary as well, then it is acceptable.
This is a fundamental concept of trust law: the separation of legal and equitable title. In other words, while the trustee has the legal authority to manage and control the assets, they do so not for their own benefit, but for the beneficiaries.
The trustee generally has the authority to withdraw money from a trust to cover the cost of third-party professionals, as well as any other expenses arising as a result of administration.
A A Trustee is disqualified 'as Trustee' upon his death, loss of his legal competence, removal from trusteeship, liquidation, rescinding his licence or declaring his bankruptcy. The Trust shall then be transferred to the other Trustees in case of multiple Trustees, unless the Trust Instrument provides otherwise.
The Pros of Naming Co-Trustees
Co-Trustees may bring different skill sets to the administration of the trust – one with more financial savvy while the other is able bring a better understanding of the trust settlor's intent and of the beneficiaries' needs and wants.
However, trustees have a minimum duty to perform the trusts honestly and in good faith for the benefit of the beneficiaries. An exemption clause cannot excuse a trustee who either knows that their act or omission is contrary to the beneficiaries' interests or is recklessly indifferent to the beneficiaries' interests.
Negligence or Mismanagement of Trust Assets
So, if a trustee fails to do so, whether it is out of negligence, incompetence, or outright malice, then a trustee is unfit to manage the trust, and this constitutes a breach of his or her fiduciary duty and can be one reason for removing a trustee.
Co-Trustees are entitled to fees, leading to higher administration costs as more Trustees are involved. Multiple Trustees can result in delays if unanimous agreement is required before taking any action. An even number of Trustees may lead to decision-making gridlock if they cannot reach a consensus.
How many trustees do I need? Your organisation should have at least three trustees, usually a Chair, a Secretary and a Treasurer.
While there's no limit to how many trustees one trust can have, it might be beneficial to keep the number low. Here are a few reasons why: Potential disagreements among trustees. The more trustees you name, the greater the chance they'll have different ideas about how your trust should be managed.