It is legal for billionaires to use tax avoidance strategies to minimize their tax liability under current law. The actions described in various reports are considered tax avoidance (legal use of the tax code) rather than tax evasion (illegal non-payment of taxes).
And while it is true that billionaires (like all taxpayers) can grow their wealth through unrealized capital gains, they still owe tax when they acquire that capital. For instance, Elon Musk famously paid around $11B in personal income tax in 2021, likely the largest single personal tax bill of all time.
The Billionaires Income Tax Act is a proposed U.S. federal bill, reintroduced in the 119th Congress (2025-2026), aiming to ensure the wealthiest individuals pay annual taxes on their unrealized wealth gains, closing loopholes like "buy, borrow, die" that allow deferral until death, often tax-free. Key provisions include marking publicly traded assets to market annually for taxation and imposing annual taxes on unrealized gains from non-tradable assets, treating them more like earned income, according to Senator Ron Wyden, Representatives Steve Cohen, and Don Beyer and Representative Steve Cohen.
We thought Michigan residents might be interesting in learning how Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and several company insiders are using a legal tactic called a “grantor-retained annuity trust” to avoid paying hundreds of millions of dollars in estate and gift taxes on their Facebook shares.
President-elect Donald Trump campaigned on lowering the US corporate income tax rate to 15 percent. He made the same request in 2017 when Republicans passed their tax cuts, but Congress only cut the federal rate to 21 percent—down from the worldwide high of 35 percent.
High-Income Taxpayers Paid the Majority of Federal Income Taxes. In 2022, the bottom half of taxpayers earned 11.5 percent of total AGI and paid 3 percent of all federal individual income taxes. The top 1 percent earned 22.4 percent of total AGI and paid 40.4 percent of all federal income taxes.
Musk also sold a small fraction of the additional shares he already owned, sales that fetched a taxable $5.8 billion at a lower capital gains rate. Together those stock trades likely resulted in roughly an $11 billion federal tax bill, which he has tweeted about.
The IRS 7-year rule primarily applies to keeping records for claiming a deduction for bad debts or losses from worthless securities, allowing a longer period to file for a credit or refund, but it's not a universal audit limit; it's often a recommended safe buffer for general record-keeping, with the standard IRS audit period usually being 3 years, extending to 6 years for substantial income omission (over 25%) or foreign income issues, and indefinitely for fraud.
“Tesla: The company has used mechanisms like deferred tax assets, research and development credits, and massive deductions from Elon Musk's stock-based compensation to reduce its U.S. federal income tax to near zero in profitable years.”
Taking Advantage of Capital Gains, Not Salary
One of the biggest reasons Bezos pays little in personal income tax is that he doesn't rely on a traditional salary. Instead, he holds most of his wealth in Amazon stock. Here's why this matters: Capital gains taxes are much lower than income taxes in most cases.
WASHINGTON — The wealthiest 1 percent of Americans are the nation's most egregious tax evaders, failing to pay as much as $163 billion in owed taxes per year, according to a Treasury Department report released on Wednesday.
Jeff Bezos pays a very low effective federal income tax rate, often under 1%, because most of his wealth comes from untaxed stock appreciation, not taxable income like wages; a 2014-2018 analysis showed he paid roughly $1.4 billion in federal taxes on a $127 billion wealth increase (a ~1.1% rate). He has even paid zero federal income tax in certain years (like 2007 and 2011) by using investment losses and deductions, legally deferring taxes on stock growth until sold, which he often avoids by taking low-interest loans against his shares.
A third of US American families now have an income over $150,000 (adjusted for inflation of course).
If the individual tax cuts expire, taxpayers in all income groups would face higher and more complicated taxes. Machinery and equipment expensing is a key provision that, if allowed to expire, would especially harm capital-intensive industries like manufacturing.
Executive Summary. Replacing the will of the people with the whims of billionaires, the House Republican budget provides $4.5 trillion in tax cuts for the rich but does nothing to lower costs for American families.
No Tax on Overtime is a provision that was included in a larger tax reform bill that passed in July 2025. It allows certain workers to deduct up to $12,500 in qualified overtime compensation from their taxable income on their federal income tax return. Joint filers can deduct up to $25,000.
But how people define “upper class” differs. Some say you'd need to be making twice the median income, or around $167,460. Even more elite are those who find themselves in the top 5 percent of earners. In the U.S., you'd need to be making about $336,000 to find yourself in the top 5 percent, according to Census data.