Since Jan. 1, 2024, however, a new IRS rule allows retirement plan owners to withdraw up to $1,000 for unspecified personal or family emergency expenses, penalty-free, if their plan allows.
Yes, you can withdraw funds from your 401(k) to pay off debt. However, if you do so before you reach the age of 59½, you'll have to pay a 10% early-withdrawal penalty and income tax on what you withdraw. It's also important to consider the impact that withdrawing from your 401(k) early has on your retirement goals.
Although you can't completely avoid paying taxes on 401(k) withdrawals, you can reduce the taxes you'll pay. For instance, you can avoid the 10% penalty on an early distribution by taking the distribution as a series of substantially equal period payments.
However, there are exceptions to this early distribution penalty. The penalty doesn't usually apply to distributions from your employer plan or IRA if any of these are true: You're totally and permanently disabled. Your beneficiary receives the distribution from your retirement plan after your death.
As a general rule, if you withdraw funds before age 59 ½, you'll trigger an IRS tax penalty of 10%. The good news is that there's a way to take your distributions a few years early without incurring this penalty. This is known as the rule of 55.
Specifically, as of 2024, you can withdraw up to $1,000 from your qualified plan (e.g., 401(k), 403(b), 457(b)) or IRA (including SEP, Simple IRA) once each calendar year without penalty. You will still have to pay ordinary income taxes on the withdrawal.
You'll pay penalties and taxes for using retirement savings to pay off debt. Every retirement account—a traditional IRA, Roth IRA, and 401(k)—has age distribution limits. That means some combination of penalties and taxes may hit you for early withdrawals.
You may be eligible to take early distributions from your 401(k) without penalty if you meet certain criteria with a hardship distribution. It requires an immediate and heavy financial burden you couldn't afford to pay. 7 Hardship distributions are only allowed up to the amount needed to relieve the hardship.
But, no, you don't pay income tax twice on 401(k) withdrawals. With the 20% withholding on your distribution, you're essentially paying part of your taxes upfront. Depending on your tax situation, the amount withheld might not be enough to cover your full tax liability.
You can avoid the early withdrawal penalty by waiting until at least age 59 1/2 to start taking distributions from your IRA. Once you turn age 59 1/2, you can withdraw any amount from your IRA without having to pay the 10% penalty. Regular income tax will still be due on each IRA distribution.
How Do You Prove Hardship for a 401(k) Withdrawal? You do not have to prove hardship to take a withdrawal from your 401(k).
It's perfectly legal and possible to retire in your mid-50s if that's your goal. But it's important to keep in mind that retiring at 55 isn't the norm for most people. If you're going by the normal retirement age prescribed by Social Security, for example, that usually means waiting until you're 66 or 67.
Cashing Out Your 401k while Still Employed
You could elect to suspend payroll deductions but would lose the pre-tax benefits and any employer matches. In some cases, if your employer allows, you can make an in-service withdrawal if you've reached the age of 59 ½. Such funds can be used to cover a qualifying hardship.
Occasionally, there are special circumstances in which early withdrawal penalties are waived or removed for investors who qualify. Withdrawing investment funds early to pay a high medical expense or make a qualifying home purchase is enough to get an early withdrawal penalty fee waived.
Known as the Rule of 55, this allows you to withdraw money from your 401(k) penalty-free if you leave your job or are laid off during the year in which you turn 55, or later.
Deferring Social Security payments, rolling over old 401(k)s, setting up IRAs to avoid the mandatory 20% federal income tax, and keeping your capital gains taxes low are among the best strategies for reducing taxes on your 401(k) withdrawal.
In 2024, you can cash out as much as $1,000 from a traditional 401(k) or IRA to cover an urgent need. And here's a big change: You get to define what counts as an emergency. More Americans are raiding retirement accounts for emergency cash.
The $1,000 per month rule is designed to help you estimate the amount of savings required to generate a steady monthly income during retirement. According to this rule, for every $240,000 you save, you can withdraw $1,000 per month if you stick to a 5% annual withdrawal rate.
There isn't a separate 401(k) withdrawal tax. Any money you withdraw from your 401(k) is considered income and will be taxed as such, alongside other sources of taxable income you may receive. As with any taxable income, the rate you pay depends on the amount of total taxable income you receive that year.
What Is the Standard IRS Penalty for Withdrawing 401(k) Funds Early? For early withdrawals that do not meet a qualified exemption, there is a 10% penalty. You will also have to pay income tax on those funds. Both calculations are based on the amount withdrawn.
Borrowing from your 401(k) may be the best option, although it does carry some risk. Alternatively, consider the Rule of 55 as another way to withdraw money from your 401(k) without the tax penalty.
You are eligible to make withdrawals without penalties or fees from a traditional IRA at age 59½, but you can also wait until you are older. For traditional IRAs you must begin taking withdrawals, or Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs), starting at age 73*, (or 72 if you were born before July 1, 1949).