The bottom line
For borrowers who qualify, Federal Direct Loans provide competitively low interest rates and protections including deferment, forbearance, loan forgiveness options, and income-driven repayment plans.
Private student loans are generally more expensive than federal student loans. The chart below provides a summary of the differences. Payments aren't due until after you graduate, leave school, or change your enrollment status to less than half-time.
Yes, it is usually worth it. The unsubsidized loan will still come with a lower interest rate than private loans. You might think ``I don't need the money this year,'' but you are limited to how much you can take it in a given year.
Once you graduate, drop below half-time enrollment, or leave school, your federal student loan goes into repayment. However, if you have a Direct Subsidized, Direct Unsubsidized, or Federal Family Education Loan, you have a six-month grace period before you are required to start making regular payments.
Accidentally Received More Federal Student Loan or Grant Money Than Supposed To. In certain cases, you'll need to repay the amount that was beyond the maximum that you were allowed to receive. You can either repay the excess all at once, or you can make arrangements to repay it a bit at a time.
Federal loans generally provide lower interest rates with access to forbearance, deferment, income-driven repayment (IDR) plans and student loan forgiveness programs. Most federal loans don't require a credit check, making them an ideal choice for all borrowers.
Pay Off High-Interest Loans First
With this approach, you pay off your loans from the highest interest rate to the lowest. You make the minimum payments on each balance except the highest-rate loan. You also make an extra monthly payment based on how much you can put toward the debt.
Private student loan funds are usually disbursed (sent) directly to your school's financial aid office. Personal loan funds are deposited directly into the borrower's bank account. Consider consulting with a tax and/or financial advisor to make sure you fully understand the differences.
There is no income cut-off to qualify for federal student aid. Many factors—such as the size of your family and your year in school—are considered.
The average federal student loan debt is $37,853 per borrower. Outstanding private student loan debt totals $128.8 billion. The average student borrows over $30,000 to pursue a bachelor's degree.
If you qualify for a low interest rate and can repay your loan soon, a private student loan may be best. If you'd like to take advantage of income-driven repayment plans, extensive deferment programs and potential loan forgiveness, a federal student loan is the best option.
If you work full time for a government or nonprofit organization, you may qualify for forgiveness of the entire remaining balance of your Direct Loans after you've made 120 qualifying payments—i.e., at least 10 years of payments. To benefit from PSLF, you need to repay your federal student loans under an IDR plan.
Both Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans are offered to students regardless of their credit history and neither will result in a hard inquiry. A Direct PLUS Loan, however, does require a credit check, so if you're considering one, your credit scores may take a slight hit.
Initially, most of each loan payment will be applied to interest charges, not the principal, so the loan balance will decrease slowly. There may also be interest that accrued during a deferment or forbearance. This interest must be paid off before the principal balance will decrease.
Bank or credit union personal loan
Both banks and credit unions typically cater to those with good credit scores — a FICO score of 670 or higher. Since credit unions are not-for-profit, they usually offer the best rates, but if you aren't already a member, you may need to pay a fee to become one.
Which loan should I accept? Given the option, you should accept a Direct Subsidized Loan first. Then, if you still need additional financial aid to pay for college or career school, accept the Direct Unsubsidized Loan.
The most common types of federal student loans are Direct Loans, Parent PLUS Loans, Graduate PLUS Loans, Stafford Loans, Consolidation Loans, Perkins Loans, and Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL).
If you're a Scottish student who started an undergraduate or postgraduate course anywhere in the UK on or after 1 September 1998, you'll be on repayment Plan 4. This means you'll pay 9% of the income you earn over the threshold to the Student Loan Company (SLC).
Student aid programs generally do not have explicit income limits on eligibility. In most cases, the eligibility is based on demonstrated financial need based on your SAI.
A grant is a form of financial aid that doesn't have to be repaid (unless, for example, you withdraw from school and owe a refund, or you receive a TEACH Grant and don't complete your service obligation).
Subsidized loans don't generally start accruing (accumulating) interest until you leave school (or drop below half-time enrollment), so accept a subsidized loan before an unsubsidized loan. Next, accept an unsubsidized loan before a PLUS loan.