The four primary types of accountants, categorized by their area of focus and employment, are Public Accountants, Management (Corporate) Accountants, Government Accountants, and Internal Auditors. These professionals handle tasks ranging from tax preparation and auditing for clients to managing internal financial planning and regulatory compliance for organizations.
ACCA is the most globally recognized, accepted in more than 180 countries. CPA is well-recognized in the U.S. and its subsidiaries, while CA holds recognition predominantly within India.
All CPAs (Certified Public Accountants) are accountants, but not all accountants are CPAs; the key difference is that a CPA has a state license, requiring extra education, experience, and passing the rigorous CPA exam, granting them the legal authority to perform advanced tasks like signing audit reports for public companies, representing clients before the IRS, and acting as fiduciaries, which non-certified accountants generally cannot do. While accountants handle daily financial records and tax prep, CPAs offer broader expertise in complex financial planning, external audits, and regulatory compliance.
A CPA can represent taxpayers and companies in the event of an audit. While accountants can prepare tax returns, only a CPA can defend a return if the IRS or state tax authorities have questions or concerns. Conducting company audits.
Comparison between CA and CPA
It is difficult to determine which of these professions offers a higher salary, as the salary of a CA or CPA can vary greatly based on several factors. However, in general, CAs tend to earn slightly more than CPAs in India.
- Is ACCA more difficult than CFA? No, the CFA qualification tends to be considered slightly more difficult than ACCA - but this is to some extent a subjective matter, differing from person to person. Many people don't make it through the three levels of CFA because of the time required to finish the course.
Not all accountants are CPAs (certified public accountants), but all CPAs are in the accounting profession. Typically, an accountant has achieved a bachelor's degree in accounting. A certified public accountant earns this designation after completing specific educational and work requirements and passing a CPA exam.
Unlike CPAs who can work in various fields beyond tax, like forensic accounting, corporate finance, or financial planning, the EA credential is dedicated solely to tax representation and preparation, making them uniquely qualified to advocate for clients addressing matters with the IRS.
In fact, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPAs earn 10% to 25% more than non-certified accountants. However, salaries of CPAs and non-certified accountants vary by industry. They can be higher than average in industries experiencing a lot of growth, such as financial technology or software.
5 accounting careers in demand
Apprenticeship overview
BPP's Level 7 Accounting Apprenticeships help you become technically qualified by passing professional exams, whilst developing the complementary skills and behaviours to succeed in your career.
Main Types Of Accounting You Can Specialize In
Strong financial analysis, critical thinking, and financial software skills are important for success in this field. Adaptability is key due to constant changes in accounting, such as new standards, technologies, and client interaction platforms. Attention to detail is also vital for accurate recordkeeping.
CPAs command higher salaries than Master's in Accounting professionals. Furthermore, CPAs with specialized skills and knowledge in areas like taxation, auditing, or forensic accounting can expect to earn a higher salary than those without such expertise.
Which credential is more beneficial for a career in finance? A CPA is essential for specializing in accounting or tax roles, while an MBA opens doors to diverse management positions in finance, including investment banking and corporate leadership. Choose based on your career goals.
Will AI replace accountants? Not entirely—but it will change accounting. Firms that embrace AI and technology will attract forward-thinking clients and top talent. Accountants who pair their expertise with AI tools will stay ahead of the curve.
How Much Income Do You Need to Be in the Top 20%? The real median household income in the U.S. was around $83,730 in 2024, according to the Census Bureau data published in September 2025. In order to be in the top 20% of income, you'd need to earn double that amount: 175,700 per year.