What are the legal obligations of a trustee?

Asked by: Prof. Vella Mohr Jr.  |  Last update: April 15, 2025
Score: 4.5/5 (10 votes)

In practice, a trustee needs to invest property in a diversified manner, make unbiased decisions about when and how to make distributions, keep trust property separate from other property, prepare and file tax returns, and keep trust matters confidential.

What are the least three duties of a trustee?

There are five general duties of the Trustee – to be prudent, to carry out the terms of the Trust, to be loyal to the Trust, to give the Trust their personal attention and to account to the beneficiaries of the Trust. The Trustee must act reasonably and competently in all matters of the Trust.

What can a trustee do and not do?

7 Important Duties of a Trustee in California
  • Duty of Loyalty. ...
  • Duty of Impartiality. ...
  • Duty to Avoid Conflicts of Interest. ...
  • Duty of Disclosure of Information. ...
  • Duty Not to Delegate. ...
  • Duty to Enforce or Defend Claims. ...
  • Duty to Keep Trust Assets Separate from trustee's own property. ...
  • Build Your Trust with Confidence.

How is a trustee held accountable?

Trustees can be held liable for the losses they cause to the trust they are administering. Typically, beneficiaries can recover assets of the trust that were distributed improperly if they can trace them. Problems may arise in recovering the assets if an innocent purchaser bought them for value.

When can a trustee be held personally liable?

Per California trust law, if a trustee has committed a breach of their fiduciary duty, the court can deem them personally liable for damages. The extent of liability, ultimately, depends on the severity of their offense and your situation.

5 Assets That SHOULD Never Go Into A Living Trust

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Can you sue a trustee for negligence?

So, yes, you can sue a trustee for negligence. Trustees have a fiduciary duty to manage the trust prudently, act in the beneficiaries' best interests, and adhere to the trust document's terms. Examples of trustee negligence include: Mismanagement of trust assets, such as poor investment decisions.

Can an executor override a trustee?

An executor does not possess the power to overrule or change the terms established by a trust; these roles carry separate responsibilities. An executor's role consists of overseeing and closing an estate as per its will's instructions without disrupting or interfering with their independent functions as trustee.

What is misconduct of a trustee?

Examples of executor misconduct and trustee misconduct include: Failing to provide accountings to beneficiaries. Favoring one beneficiary over another. Misappropriating or misusing estate or trust assets for personal gain. Commingling personal assets with those of the estate or trust.

Are trustees personally liable for debts?

Trustees are personally liable for all decisions they take in that capacity, and their liability is not automatically limited to the value of the trust fund.

Who holds the real power in a trust, the trustee or the beneficiary?

This is a fundamental concept of trust law: the separation of legal and equitable title. In other words, while the trustee has the legal authority to manage and control the assets, they do so not for their own benefit, but for the beneficiaries.

What happens if a trustee refuses to give beneficiary money?

If the trustee is not paying beneficiaries accurately or on time, legal action can be taken against them.

What were the trustees not allowed to do?

What a Trustee Cannot Do. A trustee must abide by the trust document and the California Probate Code. They are prohibited from using trust assets for personal gain and must act in the best interest of the beneficiaries.

Can a trustee take all the money?

Ultimately, trustees can only withdraw money from a trust account for specific expenses within certain limitations. Their duties require them to comply with the grantor's wishes. If they breach their fiduciary duties, they will be removed as the trustee and face a surcharge for compensatory damages.

What makes a bad trustee?

The Trustee may not tell you what the assets of the Trust are, may not explain what the investments are, may refuse to talk to you about a sale of the assets, a sale of real property, or even sale of stocks, and may refuse to talk to you about when assets will be distributed.

What are the liabilities of a trustee?

The trustee is liable, at the option of the beneficiary, to purchase other land of equal value to be settled upon the like trust, or to be charged with the proceeds of the sale with interest.

What are the legal obligations of a trustee to beneficiaries?

What types of fiduciary duties does a trustee have to the beneficiaries? The fundamental duties of a trustee are as follows: (1) the duty of good faith and loyalty; (2) the duty of reasonable skill and diligence; (3) the duty to give personal attention; and (4) the duty to keep and render accounts.

What can you sue a trustee for?

Suing the trustee if they have failed to competently do their job, breached their fiduciary duties, or caused harm to the trust is one of your most important rights as a trust beneficiary.

What are the risks of being a trustee?

A trustee can end up having to pay taxes out of their own personal funds if they fail to take action on behalf of the estate in a timely way. Of course, they can also face criminal liability for such crimes as taking money out of a trust to pay for their own kids' college tuition.

Can creditors go after a trustee?

In general, creditors cannot access assets in certain types of trusts, like irrevocable trusts, because the trustor no longer owns them. However, if the trust remains revocable, creditors may claim the assets.

What is the malfeasance of a trustee?

Trustee malfeasance refers to any type of negligent, self-serving, erroneous, or retaliatory conduct committed by the trustee of a trust resulting in harm to trust assets or beneficiaries. Trustee malfeasance is a broad term encompassing many different types of offenses, both intentional and unintentional.

How to hold a trustee accountable?

The Options for you to Hold the Trustee Accountable
  1. Contact the Trustee. ...
  2. Write a Letter. ...
  3. Hire an inexpensive lawyer. ...
  4. Hire an expensive lawyer. ...
  5. Hire an attorney who can take court action.

What is the code of ethics for trustees?

Trustees shall perform their duties in a timely manner and carry out their functions with competence, honesty, integrity and due care. Trustees shall cooperate fully with represen- tatives of the Superintendent in all matters arising out of the Act, these Rules or a directive.

Who has more power, an executor or a trustee?

The answer to who holds more power depends largely on the context and specific circumstances of the estate or trust. Here's a summary to help clarify: Duration of Authority: Trustees often have ongoing responsibilities and powers that can extend indefinitely, while executors have a more limited, temporary role.

Can executor screw over beneficiary?

Executors are bound to the terms of the will, which means they are not permitted to change beneficiaries. The beneficiaries who were named by the decedent will remain beneficiaries so long as the portions of the will in which they appear are not invalidated through a successful will contest.

Who Cannot act as a trustee?

Anyone 16 and over (18 for an Unincorporated Association or Charitable Trust) who is not 'disqualified' can be a Trustee. The reasons for disqualification were set down by the Charities Act 2011, and were designed to prevent people convicted of financial crimes, or who made serious financial errors, becoming trustees.