What are the personal liabilities of a trustee?

Asked by: Demetris Nicolas II  |  Last update: June 4, 2025
Score: 4.1/5 (58 votes)

Trustees can be held personally liable for any harm caused by their actions or inactions, leading to costly legal fees to defend themselves and potentially to pay other parties legal fees.

When can a trustee be held personally liable?

Per California trust law, if a trustee has committed a breach of their fiduciary duty, the court can deem them personally liable for damages. The extent of liability, ultimately, depends on the severity of their offense and your situation.

Are trustees personally liable?

Trustees may still be personally liable if the assets of the charity are not sufficient to meet the indemnity. Failure to deliver services under contract. Some liabilities can be limited through the wording of the “limitation of liability” provision in the contract.

What can a trustee and cannot do?

A trustee must abide by the trust document and the California Probate Code. They are prohibited from using trust assets for personal gain and must act in the best interest of the beneficiaries. Trust assets are meant for the benefit of the trust beneficiaries and not for the personal use of the trustee.

What are the risks of being a trustee?

Trustees are personally liable for all decisions they take in that capacity, and their liability is not automatically limited to the value of the trust fund. Typically, the trust deed will limit trustees' liability in some way and these clauses should be checked, as well as any existing trustee insurance.

Personal liability of a Trustee to tax on Trust Income

19 related questions found

What are the pitfalls of being a trustee?

  • By James L. ...
  • Trap #1: Not Knowing You Are the Trustee, then Failing to Understand What that Means. ...
  • Trap #2: Trustees Failing to Take Action in a Timely Way. ...
  • Trap #3: Trustees Failing to Consider the Emotional Landscape. ...
  • Trap #4: Trustees Failing to Communicate with Beneficiaries.

Can a trustee take everything?

Serving as the trustee of a trust instills a person with significant power. They have access to all the trust assets, but with a catch: They can only use those assets to carry out the instructions of the trust.

What happens if a trustee refuses to give beneficiary money?

If the trustee is not paying beneficiaries accurately or on time, legal action can be taken against them.

Who holds the real power in a trust, the trustee or the beneficiary?

This is a fundamental concept of trust law: the separation of legal and equitable title. In other words, while the trustee has the legal authority to manage and control the assets, they do so not for their own benefit, but for the beneficiaries.

How is a trustee held accountable?

Trustees can be held liable for the losses they cause to the trust they are administering. Typically, beneficiaries can recover assets of the trust that were distributed improperly if they can trace them. Problems may arise in recovering the assets if an innocent purchaser bought them for value.

Is it hard to sue a trustee?

Beneficiaries have a right to sue the trustee.

That is fairly easy under California law if there is no issue with the identity of the trustee. Next, you must establish a breach of that duty.

What is misconduct of a trustee?

Examples of executor misconduct and trustee misconduct include: Failing to provide accountings to beneficiaries. Favoring one beneficiary over another. Misappropriating or misusing estate or trust assets for personal gain. Commingling personal assets with those of the estate or trust.

What is the trustee liability clause?

It defines the scope and extent of the trustee's liability to the noteholders; it also dictates whether the trustee will be entitled to claim indemnity from the issuer where the trustee has suffered a loss or other liability.

What are two mandatory duties of a trustee?

7 Important Duties of a Trustee in California
  • Duty of Loyalty. ...
  • Duty of Impartiality. ...
  • Duty to Avoid Conflicts of Interest. ...
  • Duty of Disclosure of Information. ...
  • Duty Not to Delegate. ...
  • Duty to Enforce or Defend Claims. ...
  • Duty to Keep Trust Assets Separate from trustee's own property.

Can an executor override a trustee?

An executor does not possess the power to overrule or change the terms established by a trust; these roles carry separate responsibilities. An executor's role consists of overseeing and closing an estate as per its will's instructions without disrupting or interfering with their independent functions as trustee.

What happens if a trustee spends the money?

Ultimately, trustees can only withdraw money from a trust account for specific expenses within certain limitations. Their duties require them to comply with the grantor's wishes. If they breach their fiduciary duties, they will be removed as the trustee and face a surcharge for compensatory damages.

What can a trustee not do?

Failing to properly invest trust funds, engaging in self-dealing, and preferring one beneficiary over the other beneficiaries are the more frequent ways a trustee mismanages a trust or breaches his or her fiduciary duty.

Can a trustee go to jail for stealing from trust?

Under California law, embezzling trust funds or property valued at $950 or less is a misdemeanor offense and is punishable by up to 6 months in county jail. If a trustee embezzles more than $950 from the trust, they can be charged with felony embezzlement, which carries a sentence of up to 3 years in jail.

How much does it cost to contest a trust?

Depending on the complexity of the case, it may cost anywhere from a few thousand dollars to $100,000 or more to dispute the terms of a trust.

Can a beneficiary sue a trustee personally?

Under California law, beneficiaries can sue a trustee. The initial step is confirming the trustee's identity. Subsequently, one must prove a breach of duty.

Can a trustee withhold inheritance?

While a trustee may not legally withhold trust assets based on their own discretion, they may withhold assets if the power and discretion is afforded to them by the terms laid out in the trust document.

When can a trustee distribute funds to beneficiaries?

Assets will not be distributed until certain administrative tasks are carried out, including filing of tax returns, drafting of an accounting, and providing notice to all beneficiaries. Some or all of the assets will often not be distributed until expenses of the trust are paid.

What are the liabilities of a trustee?

The trustee is liable, at the option of the beneficiary, to purchase other land of equal value to be settled upon the like trust, or to be charged with the proceeds of the sale with interest.

What are the disadvantages of being a trustee?

Cons of Serving as an Executor or Trustee
  • Time commitment. Administering an estate or trust can be a lengthy and complex process, often taking months or even years to complete. ...
  • Emotional strain. ...
  • Potential for legal liability. ...
  • Family conflicts.

What is an example of trustee misconduct?

Common examples of trustee misconduct include: Fraud. Not following the terms of the trust. Mismanaging trust assets (e.g., failing to diversify investments, neglecting property maintenance, or making inadvisable financial decisions that hurt the trust's value)