What are the rules for promissory note?

Asked by: Thad Keeling  |  Last update: February 8, 2026
Score: 4.3/5 (64 votes)

The promissory note form should include:
  • The names and addresses of the lender and borrower.
  • The amount of money being borrowed and what, if any, collateral is being used.
  • How often payments will be made in and in what amount.
  • Signatures of both parties, in order for the note to be enforceable.

What makes a promissory note invalid?

A promissory note could become invalid if: It isn't signed by both parties. The note violates laws. One party tries to change the terms of the agreement without notifying the other party.

What is the governing law for promissory notes?

A note is a negotiable instrument under UCC § 3-104(a) if it contains (1) an unconditional promise to pay a fixed amount of money on demand or at a fixed time, (2) no additional obligations of the maker other than payment, (3) contractual terms within the note itself rather than in any additional document and (4) an ...

Is a notarized promissory note legally binding?

You can typically sign a legally binding promissory note that contains unconditional pledges to pay a certain sum of money. However, you can strengthen the legality of a valid promissory note by having it notarized. It never hurts to add a layer of protection as you may have to use it in court.

What is the disadvantage of a promissory note?

Disadvantages of a Promissory Note

Unlike a secured loan that comes with collateral, a promissory note is often unsecured. If the issuer defaults, the payee may face difficulty recovering their money. The payee may need to pursue legal action, which can be expensive and time-consuming.

Promissory Note (Loan Agreement) - EXPLAINED

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Will a promissory note hold up in court?

Promissory notes are legally binding contracts that can hold up in court if the terms of borrowing and repayment are signed and follow applicable laws.

What are the risks of promissory notes?

Promissory notes have set terms, or repayment periods, ranging from a few months to several years. Even legitimate promissory notes involve risks: competition, bad management or severe market conditions can impact the issuer's ability to carry out its promise to pay interest and principal to note buyers.

What is required for a promissory note to be valid?

Essential Elements of a Promissory Note

A promissory note must include: Parties Involved: Lists the lender and borrower. Principal Amount: States the exact amount of money borrowed. Interest Rate: Specifies the interest rate, if applicable.

Who holds the promissory note while it's being repaid?

A lender holds the promissory note until the mortgage loan is paid off.

What happens if you break a promissory note?

Demand for payment: The lender can demand that the borrower immediately repay the outstanding balance according to the terms of the promissory note. Legal action: The lender may choose to take legal action against the borrower to recover the outstanding balance, often by filing a lawsuit for breach of contract.

What is the promissory rule?

A "Promissory note" is an instrument in writing (not being a bank-note or a currency-note) containing an unconditional undertaking, signed by the maker, to pay a certain sum of money only to, or to the order of, a certain person, or to the bearer of the instrument.

Can you sue someone for promissory note?

An unsecured promissory note does not use collateral. If the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender's only means of enforcement is by filing a lawsuit against the borrower.

Who is primarily liable on a promissory note?

It is the maker who is primarily liable on a promissory note. The issuer of a note or the maker is one of the parties who, by means of a written promise, pay another party (the note's payee) a definite sum of money, either on demand or at a specified future date.

Can you go to jail for a promissory note?

In some circumstances, however, a promissory note is fraudulent and a promissory note scam is operated in order to improperly obtain investor funds. Promissory note fraud is a crime and those involved in a scam can face a lengthy prison sentence if convicted of fraud offenses.

How do I get out of paying a promissory note?

The debt owed on a promissory note either can be paid off, or the noteholder can forgive the debt even if it has not been fully paid. In either case, a release of promissory note needs to be signed by the noteholder.

Which is false regarding a promissory note?

Answer and Explanation: The correct option is c: The incorrect statement is a promissory note is not a negotiable instrument. A promissory note is a promise made by the maker of the note to pay to the payee on a specific date or when demanded by the payee. These instruments are transferred and used as cash.

What are the conditions for a promissory note?

A Promissory Note must always be written by hand. It must include all the mandatory elements such as the legal names of the payee and maker's name, amount being loaned / to be repaid, full terms of the agreement and the full amount of liability, beside other elements.

Can a promissory note be forgiven?

Dealing with Forgiveness: If a promissory note is forgiven, the forgiven amount might be considered income to the borrower and can be reported using IRS Form 1098. Transfer or Sale: Any gain realized from the sale or transfer of a promissory note must be reported as a capital gain or loss.

Does a promissory note create a lien?

While they are very similar, the unsecured promissory note only represents the borrower's promise to pay the full amount plus interest, while a mortgage puts a lien on the real estate that allows the lender to foreclose on it in the case of nonpayment.

What makes a promissory note void?

Changes Made without a New Agreement

Modifying a promissory note without all parties' consent can void the note. Proper documentation and agreement through a new contract or amendment are necessary to maintain the note's validity.

What happens if the maker of a promissory note fails to pay?

If the maker fails to pay according to the terms of the promissory note, the holder can foreclose on the property that secured the note, thereby recovering the unpaid principal of the note, interest, fees and expenses. An unsecured promissory note is one that is not secured by any collateral.

Can a promissory note stand up in court?

Promissory notes are legally binding whether the note is secured by collateral or based only on the promise of repayment. If you lend money to someone who defaults on a promissory note and does not repay, you can legally possess any property that individual promised as collateral.

What are the disadvantages of promissory notes?

Some possible disadvantages are:
  • You will likely pay a higher interest rate than for a secured loan.
  • If you are using a promissory note because you don't have a good credit rating, you will likely pay a higher interest rate than if you obtained a commercial business loan from a bank or other institution.

How reliable is a promissory note?

Even Legitimate Promissory Notes Are Not Risk-free

These notes are only as sound as the companies or projects they're financing. Smart public companies can still stumble because of competition, bad management decisions, or unfavorable market conditions.

How legal is a promissory note?

Yes, a properly executed promissory note is legally binding. As long as the note contains all necessary elements, is signed by the involved parties, and complies with applicable laws, it's enforceable in court if the borrower defaults or fails to meet their obligations.