An application is defined as the submission of six pieces of information: (1) the consumer's name, (2) the consumer's income, (3) the consumer's Social Security number to obtain a credit report (or other unique identifier if the consumer has no Social Security number), (4) the property address, (5) an estimate of the ...
NAR's Legal Affairs staff explains the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) and how it affects REALTORS®. RESPA generally prohibits kickbacks and offering a thing of value in exchange for the referral of business to a settlement service provider.
“And all five of those elements need to be present in a fact pattern in order for there to be a Section 8 violation.” Those elements are a federally related mortgage loan, settlement service business, a referral, a Thing of value, and an agreement or understanding.
The new rules, which would modify RESPA and Regulation X's existing mortgage servicing framework, are designed to streamline the process for obtaining mortgage assistance, and incentivize servicers to prioritize borrower aid over foreclosure.
The act requires lenders, mortgage brokers, or servicers of home loans to provide borrowers with pertinent and timely disclosures regarding the nature and costs of the real estate settlement process. The act also prohibits specific practices, such as kickbacks, and places limitations upon the use of escrow accounts.
RESPA does not require lenders to impose an escrow account on borrowers; however, certain government loan programs or lenders may require escrow accounts as a condition of the loan. RESPA also prohibits a lender from charging excessive amounts for the escrow account.
Read together, giving or receiving a fee or a thing of value in exchange for the referral of settlement business often a kickback under RESPA as is receiving fees that are not tied to work actually performed.
RESPA Section 9: Section 9 prohibits home sellers from requiring home buyers to purchase title insurance from a particular company either directly or indirectly, as a condition of sale. Buyers may sue a seller who violates this provision for an amount equal to 3x all charges made for title insurance.
Types of Real Estate Loans Exempt From RESPA Requirements
Normally, loans secured by real estate for a business or agricultural purpose are not covered by RESPA. However, if the loan is made to an individual to purchase or improve a rental property of one to four residential units, then it is regulated by RESPA.
RESPA violations include bribes between real estate representatives, inflating costs, the use of shell entities and referrals in exchange for settlement services.
Examples of RESPA violations
Your real estate agent refers you to an attorney and gets a portion of the fee you pay for those legal services. An appraiser gives a mortgage broker courtside tickets to a professional basketball game in exchange for business.
MDIA. Timing Requirements – The “3/7/3 Rule” The initial Truth in Lending Statement must be delivered to the consumer within 3 business days of the receipt of the loan application by the lender. The TILA statement is presumed to be delivered to the consumer 3 business days after it is mailed.
It “prohibits kickbacks for business referrals related to or part of settlement services involving federally related mortgage loans,” according to the CFPB. It also prohibits splitting charges “made or received from” settlement services, except for “services actually performed” for federally related mortgages.
RESPA is a federal law that requires lenders to provide information about the settlement costs and services involved in a mortgage transaction. The TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure (TRID) rule requires two forms: the Loan Estimate and the Closing Disclosure.
RESPA Section 8(a) and Regulation X, 12 CFR § 1024.14(b), prohibit giving or accepting a fee, kickback, or thing of value pursuant to an agreement or understanding (oral or otherwise), for referrals of business incident to or part of a settlement service involving a federally related mortgage loan.
A kickback is also similar to referral fees; however, it tends to have more of a negative connotation. It may involve offering incentives in return for false advertisement or favoritism. Referral fees, on the other hand, are given for honest recommendations.
RESPA Consumer Protections
Full disclosure of loan costs. Protection of borrowers' rights from lenders, real estate brokers and loan servicers. Prohibition of kickbacks and regulation of business affiliations. Limits on escrow account requirements. Prevention of preferred title insurance requirements.
Character, capital, capacity, and collateral – purpose isn't tied entirely to any one of the four Cs of credit worthiness. If your business is lacking in one of the Cs, it doesn't mean it has a weak purpose, and vice versa.
RESPA explicitly states that sellers cannot require a homebuyer to use a specific title insurance company or lender as a condition of the sale. Builders are allowed to suggest their preferred lenders, and they often do because of established relationships or financial incentives.
RESPA does not apply to extensions of credit to the government, government agencies, or instrumentalities, or in situations where the borrower plans to use property or land primarily for business, commercial, or agricultural purposes.
Under RESPA section 8a, giving gifts or kickbacks in exchange for business is illegal. Specifically, it prohibits any “unearned” fees or bonuses paid for services that weren't performed.
The more significant TILA violation for borrowers, especially those facing foreclosure, is the right of rescission. "Rescinding" the loan means the borrower can void the loan as if it was never made. The right of rescission can be a powerful weapon against foreclosure.