Digressing again, an RR of 1.30 means that the risk is increased by 30%, and an RR of 0.70 means that the risk is reduced by 30%. From the discussion in this section, we can understand why these values for increase and the decrease are not equal in magnitude.
"When you are interpreting an odds ratio (or any ratio for that matter), it is often helpful to look at how much it deviates from 1. So, for example, an odds ratio of 0.75 means that in one group the outcome is 25% less likely. An odds ratio of 1.33 means that in one group the outcome is 33% more likely."
Relative risk and odds ratios are interpreted similarly, in that a relative risk (or odds ratio) of 1.0 indicates no difference in risk (or odds) between groups; a relative risk (or odds ratio) >1.0 indicates an increased risk (or odds) among exposed/intervention versus non-exposed/control groups; and a relative risk ( ...
RR of 0.8 means an RRR of 20% (meaning a 20% reduction in the relative risk of the specified outcome in the treatment group compared with the control group).
2c) A risk ratio of 0.75 means there is an inverse association, i.e. there is a decreased risk for the health outcome among the exposed group when compared with the unexposed group. The exposed group has 0.75 times the risk of having the health outcome when compared with the unexposed group.
Second, the HR provides an estimate of the relative efficacy between the treatment arms (e.g., HR = 0.75 for an OS end point means on average approximately a 25% lower risk of death on the experimental treatment than the control, Box 2).
A risk ratio greater than 1.0 indicates an increased risk for the group in the numerator, usually the exposed group. A risk ratio less than 1.0 indicates a decreased risk for the exposed group, indicating that perhaps exposure actually protects against disease occurrence.
A relative risk of 0.85 corresponds to a relative risk reduction of 0.15% or 15%. The right interpretation of the odds ratio of 0.70 in the study by Lin et al is that for every point increase in the score of pain severity, the odds of having the response decrease by 0.70.
For example, when the RR is 2.0 the chance of a bad outcome is twice as likely to occur with the treatment as without it, whereas an RR of 0.5 means that the chance of a bad outcome is twice as likely to occur without the intervention. When the RR is exactly 1, the risk is unchanged.
As the probability goes up from 0.5 to 1.0, the odds increase from 1.0 to approach infinity. For example, if the probability is 0.75, then the odds are 75:25, three to one, or 3.0. If the odds are high (million to one), the probability is almost 1.00.
The relative risk (RR), also sometimes known as the risk ratio, compares the risk of exposed and unexposed subjects, while the odds ratio (OR) compares odds. A relative risk or odds ratio greater than one indicates an exposure to be harmful, while a value less than one indicates a protective effect.
As an example, an odds ratio of 0.5 means that there is a 50% decrease in the odds of disease if you have the exposure. An example of an exposure with a protective factor would be brushing your teeth twice a day.
How the Risk/Reward Ratio Works. In many cases, market strategists find the ideal risk/reward ratio for their investments to be approximately 1:3, or three units of expected return for every one unit of additional risk.
If the Odds ratio is 0.7 then it indicates a protective effect - I.e a reduced odds of exposure in case vs control group. That reduced risk is 1-odds so will be 30 percent reduced risk fo exposure. statistical significance is linked to the p-value or CI- which we cannot infer from only the odds ratio.
On the other hand, a put call ratio less than 1, say around 0.70, indicates more calls are being bought, indicating a bullish sentiment and the market is turning positive. This is the standard way of reading the PCR. The contrarian way is like an overbought and oversold technical indicator.
If the hazard ratio is >1, it indicates that the treatment group has a shorter survival than the control referenced group, and if it is <1, it indicates that the group of interest is less likely to have a shorter time to the event than the reference group.
An RR (or OR) of 1.0 indicates that there is no difference in risk (or odds) between the groups being compared. An RR (or OR) more than 1.0 indicates an increase in risk (or odds) among the exposed compared to the unexposed, whereas a RR (or OR) <1.0 indicates a decrease in risk (or odds) in the exposed group.
The odds ratio is the ratio or comparison between two odds to see how they change given a different situation or condition. The odds ratio for a feature is a ratio of the odds of a bike trip exceeding 20 minutes in condition 1 compared with the odds of a bike trip exceeding 20 minutes in condition 2.
The default risk ratio is defined as free cash flow divided by the combined annual principal payments on all outstanding loans. Free cash flow is equal to net profit plus depreciation minus dividend payments. This credit measure also carries a high weighting in the credit rating determination.
One measures VaR by assessing the amount of potential loss, the probability of occurrence for the amount of loss, and the time frame. For example, a financial firm may determine an asset has a 3% one-month VaR of 2%, representing a 3% chance of the asset declining in value by 2% during the one-month time frame.
The odds ratio (OR) is the ratio between the odds of disease in the exposed group and the odds of disease in the nonexposed group. It measures how large the odds of disease are in the exposed group compared with the nonexposed group.
The risk ratio is defined as the risk in the exposed cohort (the index group) divided by the risk in the unexposed cohort (the reference group).
The hazard ratio is the ratio of these two hazards: 0.1 / 0.2 = 0.5. This hazard ratio indicates that the hazard of death for patients who received the new drug is 0.5 of the hazard of death for patients who received standard treatment.