What exactly is a short sale?

Asked by: Leanne Altenwerth  |  Last update: March 31, 2026
Score: 4.3/5 (48 votes)

In a short sale, a homeowner (who is usually behind on their payments) lists their home for sale for less than they owe on their mortgage. Potential buyers and their agents deal with the seller's real estate agent during the short sale process, but all offers and other terms must be approved by the lender.

Why would someone do a short sale?

This typically happens when the owner is under financial stress and is behind on mortgage payments. The owner is obligated to sell the home to a third party, with all of the proceeds of the sale going to the lender. The lender must approve the short sale before it happens.

What is the downside of a short sale on a home?

Disadvantages of a Short Sale

There are more parties involved than a typical sale making the process complicated and often lengthy. In a traditional home sale, price negotiations happen between the buyer and seller (or their representatives), not the seller's bank.

Do you have to pay back a short sale?

A short sale is when you sell your home for less than what you owe on your mortgage. As a result, sale proceeds won't be enough to pay off your mortgage, so you must make up the difference.

What is a simple example of a short sale?

For a short sale to take place, the lender must agree to the sale. Since the lender will be taking a loss, for example, the outstanding loan amount is $350,000, but the proceeds from the sale will be $260,000, which would result in a loss of $90,000, the lender will need to agree to the sale of the property.

What is a Short Sale? - How Do Short Sales Work?

21 related questions found

Who pays closing costs in a short sale?

Nearly 100% of the time short sellers have no out of pocket costs in a short sale! Closing costs are paid out of the proceeds of the sale.

How does short selling work for dummies?

Short selling involves borrowing a security whose price you think is going to fall and then selling it on the open market. You then buy the same stock back later, hopefully for a lower price than you initially sold it for, return the borrowed stock to your broker, and pocket the difference.

Who gets the profit with a short sale?

A short sale occurs when a homeowner in dire financial trouble sells their home for less than they owe on the mortgage. The lender collects the proceeds from the sale and forgives the difference or gets a deficiency judgment requiring the original borrower to pay the leftover amount.

Does a short sale hurt your credit?

Short sales can damage your credit, and they can stay on your credit report for seven years. You might pay higher rates on future mortgages after a short sale.

Can you offer less on a short sale?

If you make an offer tremendously lower than the fair market value of the home, the lender could make a counteroffer, which will lengthen the process.

What's a typical reason that a seller might opt for a short sale?

A potential short sale is one where the listing agent reasonably believes the purchase price may not be enough to cover payment of all liens and costs of sale and the seller is unwilling or unable to bring sufficient liquid assets to the closing.

Which is the most likely consequence of a short sale?

A Short Sale Will Damage Your Credit Scores

Some say short sales have less of a negative effect on credit scores when compared to foreclosures, but this claim isn't necessarily true. Short sales, as well as deeds in lieu foreclosure, are pretty similar to foreclosures when it comes to damaging your credit scores.

Do banks finance short sale homes?

When it comes to short sale financing, banks will only agree to the sale if they believe the transaction can be more profitable than a foreclosure. Yet, most banks will not evaluate the seller's request for a short sale until there is an offer on the table.

Is it risky to buy a short sale?

The main downside of buying and selling a short sale home is that the deal often falls through. The seller's lender may not agree to list it as short sale. As the buyer, short sale homes are usually fixer-uppers, meaning you'll likely have a lot on your plate once the deal goes through.

Do you lose money on a short sale?

Unfortunately, it is easy to lose more money than you invest when you are shorting a stock, or any other security, for that matter. In fact, there is no limit to the amount of money you can lose in a short sale (in theory).

Why is short selling illegal?

Key reasons for its prohibition or restriction in some jurisdictions include concerns about market stability and the prevention of market manipulation. Short selling can amplify market downturns, particularly during periods of economic stress, leading to panic selling and destabilizing financial markets.

Why would a seller do a short sale?

The short sale process is a settlement alternative to foreclosure. A homeowner faced with losing their property may sell the home for less than the outstanding debt owed (hence, “short”).

Do you still owe money after a short sale?

After the short sale is completed, your lender might call you or send letters stating that you still owe money. These letters could come from an attorney's office or a collection agency and will demand that you pay off the deficiency. Your lender or the collector might even try to intimidate you into making payments.

Does a short sale count as income?

A short sale can result either in you owing the deficiency to the lender as unsecured debt or in the lender forgiving the deficiency. If your lender forgives the balance of your mortgage after the short sale, you may have to include the forgiven debt as taxable income in the year of the short sale.

Who benefits from a short sale?

If you are in a position that you owe more than your home is worth and you need to sell, the biggest advantage of a short sale is that you will be able to avoid foreclosure and save your credit. If you have a foreclosure on your credit history, you have to wait at least seven years before you can get a mortgage.

Do banks negotiate on short sales?

The short sale bank has every right to reject the offer, negotiate the offer, or demand a highest and best, ect. Seller acceptance is never a guarantee of short sale approval on any property.

How do people make money on short sales?

When you short a stock, you're betting on its decline, and to do so, you effectively sell stock you don't have into the market. Your broker can lend you this stock if it's available to borrow. If the stock declines, you can repurchase it and profit on the difference between sell and buy prices.

How much money do I need to short sell?

To make the trade, you'll need cash or stock equity in that margin account as collateral, equivalent to at least 50% of the short position's value, according to Federal Reserve requirements. If this is satisfied, you'll be able to enter a short-sell order in your brokerage account.

Is it illegal to borrow money to invest?

It's generally possible to take out a personal loan and invest the funds in the stock market, mutual funds or other assets, but some lenders may prohibit you from doing so. Among popular online lenders, SoFi, LightStream and Upgrade explicitly exclude investing as an acceptable way to use your personal loan funds.

What are examples of short selling?

Short selling example – Rahul speculates that the current market price of stock ABC at Rs. 200 is way overvalued and expects that once its quarterly financial reports are out in a week, its share price will drop. He borrows 20 ABC stocks and sells them in the market at Rs. 200, thus getting "short" by 20 stocks.