What happens if you borrow money and don't pay it back?

Asked by: Gavin Langosh  |  Last update: October 2, 2025
Score: 4.3/5 (41 votes)

If your personal loan is unsecured, which is often the case, the lender doesn't have any collateral to seize if you fail to repay. As mentioned previously, however, a collection agency may try to sue you for the unpaid amounts you owe, attempt to garnish your wages, or place a lien on your home through a court order.

What happens if someone borrows money and doesn't pay back?

If the borrower doesn't pay you back, you may be entitled to take a tax deduction as a “bad debt” on your tax return. But to win this deduction, the IRS wants to know that you've tried everything to get the money back – which may include taking the borrower to court.

What happens if you never pay a loan back?

The loan goes into default and the lending institution will foreclose on any collatarel if you had any. If you had none then they would more that likely after trying to get you make the payments and or get you to pay the loan back they could turn your account over to a collection agency for their collecting the debt.

Can you get in trouble for not paying a loan?

In the US, there's no debtor's prison. You can't go to jail for not paying a debt, although that doesn't include fines. If you're convicted of a crime and ordered to pay a fine, you could go to jail if you don't pay it.

Can I sue if I let someone borrow money and they don t pay me back?

Yes, you can sue someone who owes you money. When someone keeps "forgetting" to pay you or flat out refuses to pay up, the situation can quickly become frustrating. You can take the issue to small claims court and pursue legal action if it falls between the minimum and maximum money thresholds under court rules.

What To Do When Friends Borrow Money and Don't Pay It Back

41 related questions found

Can you go to jail for not paying borrowed money?

You cannot be arrested or sentenced to prison for not paying off debt such as student loans, credit cards, personal loans, car loans, home loans or medical bills. A debt collector can, however, file a lawsuit against you in state civil court to collect money that you owe.

Can you get the police involved if someone owes you money?

Unless the matter also involves violence or an immediate threat there is really not much that the police can do for you if someone owes you money on a loan. More likely, the police will direct you to sue them in court, and depending on the amount you are owed you can file the lawsuit in small claims court.

How often do debt collectors take you to court?

More frequently than most consumers probably realize. While precise statistics are difficult to come by, legal experts estimate that several million debt collection lawsuits get filed across the United States every single year.

What happens if you ignore your loans?

The default is reported to credit bureaus, damaging your credit rating and affecting your ability to buy a car or house or to get a credit card. It may take years to reestablish a good credit record. You may not be able to purchase or sell assets such as real estate. Your loan holder can take you to court.

Can I file a police report if someone owes me money?

The police do not care about an agreement to repay a loan. It is not a crime per se, it is a civil tort issue. You have to sue the person to retrieve your money, the police can't help..

Do unpaid loans ever go away?

A debt doesn't generally expire or disappear until its paid, but in many states, there may be a time limit on how long creditors or debt collectors can use legal action to collect a debt.

Is it illegal to not pay back a personal loan?

If you don't pay back a personal loan, you may be hit with penalties and fees, damage to your credit, default, collections and even potential legal action if you continue not to pay.

In what states can you go to jail for debt?

In some states, you can choose jail instead of repaying debt

Some states, including California and Missouri, offer a third option for those who cannot afford to pay their criminal justice debts: choosing jail. By choosing to go to jail, it may be possible to avoid wage garnishment and reduce criminal justice debt.

What are 3 consequences of not paying back a loan?

As mentioned previously, however, a collection agency may try to sue you for the unpaid amounts you owe, attempt to garnish your wages, or place a lien on your home through a court order. 5 And, as with a secured loan, you can expect a serious impact on your credit score.

Is it a sin to borrow money and not pay it back?

Hence, incurring a debt is not a sin. While being in debt is not a sin, Romans 13:8 tells the Christian to avoid being in debt. Sinners borrow from others and never return what they borrowed (Psalm 37:21).

Is it a crime to not pay someone back?

A long time ago, it was legal for people to go to jail over unpaid debts. Fortunately, debtors' prisons were outlawed by Congress in 1833. As a result, you can't go to jail for owing unpaid debts anymore.

What's the worst a debt collector can do?

Debt collectors are not permitted to try to publicly shame you into paying money that you may or may not owe. In fact, they're not even allowed to contact you by postcard. They cannot publish the names of people who owe money. They can't even discuss the matter with anyone other than you, your spouse, or your attorney.

How long can you go without paying back a loan?

30 to 90 days

After 30 days, your lender will likely report the missed payment to the credit bureaus, and you'll begin to see a negative impact on your credit score. If multiple payments are more than 30 days late, each one will be reported to the credit bureaus as a separate occurrence.

How long before a debt becomes uncollectible?

The time frame varies from state-to-state but is generally 3-6 years.

What happens if you never answer debt collectors?

Ignoring or avoiding the debt collector may cause the debt collector to use other methods to try to collect the debt, including a lawsuit against you. If you are unable to come to an agreement with a debt collector, you may want to contact an attorney who can provide you with legal advice about your situation.

How long until a debt collector sues you?

While there's no set-in-stone timeline on how soon a debt collector can sue, you are more at risk if you have an unpaid debt for more than six months.

What is the 11 word phrase to stop debt collectors?

If you are struggling with debt and debt collectors, Farmer & Morris Law, PLLC can help. As soon as you use the 11-word phrase “please cease and desist all calls and contact with me immediately” to stop the harassment, call us for a free consultation about what you can do to resolve your debt problems for good.

What can I do if someone doesn't pay me back?

What to Do If Someone Owes You Money and Won't Pay Back
  1. Introduction: ...
  2. Open Communication: Establish a Paper Trail. ...
  3. Send a Demand Letter. ...
  4. Small Claims Court. ...
  5. Mediation. ...
  6. Arbitration. ...
  7. File a Lawsuit in Civil Court. ...
  8. Obtaining a Judgment.

What happens if someone sues you and you have no money?

The plaintiff might attempt wage garnishment or bank account levies. Some defendants might be considered “judgment proof” if they have no assets. Possible Outcomes and Future Collection: Judgments remain active for several years and could be renewed.

Is it worth going to small claims court for $500?

Conclusion: Going to small claims court may be worth it for $500, but it will determine how you weigh your costs versus benefits. At a minimum, it is worth it to send a demand letter.