Aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) is used to screen primary hyperaldosteronism. We investigated the association between ARR and the prevalence of hypertension using home blood pressure (HBP) measurements in community residents stratified for long-term habitual dietary sodium intake.
Normal Results
For normal sodium diet, normal value range is 0.2 to 1.6 ng/mL/hour (0.2 to 1.6 µg/L/hour) while lying down and 0.5 to 4.0 ng/mL/hour (0.5 to 4.0 µg/L/hour) while standing.
The ARR compares the amount of aldosterone to that of renin, and the resulting number – a ratio – is then compared with a “cutoff” value currently set at 30 (or 750 when measurements are expressed in SI units). Below this value, the result is considered normal. Above this value, primary aldosteronism is suspected.
This depends on the SaaS company's sub-niche, but some general industry benchmarks exist to determine a decent ARR Multiple. In Q1 2023, the multiple for U.S SaaS companies is 6.7x. That means the multiple could be from 3x to 15x of annual revenue.
The ARR growth rate is an excellent indicator of whether your business is growing and thriving or not. Your SaaS business's ideal ARR growth rate is between 20% and 50%. Why? Under 20%, your company isn't growing fast enough to become a successful business in the long term.
Annualized relapse rate (ARR) is used as an outcome measure in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials. Previous studies demonstrated that ARR has reduced in placebo groups between 1990 and 2012.
According to the guidelines of the Endocrine Society,2 the range is 20–40(ng/dl)/(ng/ml/h) for ARR and 2.4–4.9(ng/dl)/(μIU/ml) for ARC. The Taiwanese Society10 advocates equal ARR values and a range of 2.4–7.7(ng/dl)/(μIU/ml) for ARC.
Physiologically healthy individuals have aldosterone levels of less than 15 ng/dl. However, since the secretion of aldosterone varies depending on the time of day, physical activity, body position change, and others, the negative and positive predictive values of one random aldosterone level are limited.
Aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR) is the most reliable method for screening for primary aldosteronism. ARR is determined by measuring both aldosterone and renin concentrations. Renin concentrations may be determined by measuring direct renin concentrations or renin activity.
High renin levels could mean that you have: Addison's disease (when your adrenal glands don't make enough hormones) from volume depletion. Dehydration. Low potassium levels in your blood (hypokalemia).
When should I get this test? A blood aldosterone test and a renin test are usually ordered together when you have high blood pressure, especially if you also have low potassium. Even if potassium is normal, testing may be done if typical medications do not control high blood pressure or if hypertension develops early.
Those antihypertensive drugs that inhibit adrenergic nerve transmission tend therefore to lower plasma renin. beta-Adrenoreceptor blocking drugs also generally lower plasma renin by specific inhibition of renal renin release both in animals and humans. Diuretics and vasodilators in contrast elevate plasma renin levels.
If the ARR is less than the required rate of return, the project should be rejected. Therefore, the higher the ARR, the more profitable the company will become.
Beta-blockers and central agonists (clonidine, methyldopa) decrease renin and increase aldosterone, thus artificially elevating ARR. Potassium-wasting and -sparing diuretics increase renin more than aldosterone, and thus artificially decrease ARR.
Aldosterone:Renin Ratio (ARR) ARR is useful in the investigation of hypertension, especially in resistant hypertension, persistent hypokalaemia (but note that 50% patients with aldosterone producing adenomas are reportedly normokalaemic), or if no obvious cause is found for hypertension in a younger patient.
Understanding High Aldosterone Symptoms
The most common symptoms include high blood pressure, fatigue, and muscle cramps. Because high aldosterone symptoms can sometimes be subtle, it's crucial to be aware of these signs—particularly if you have high blood pressure that's resistant to typical medications.
Renin is an enzyme that leads to a series of chemical reactions resulting in the production of angiotensin II, which in turn stimulate aldosterone release.
For normal sodium diet, normal value range is 0.2 to 1.6 ng/mL/hour (0.2 to 1.6 µg/L/hour) while lying down and 0.5 to 4.0 ng/mL/hour (0.5 to 4.0 µg/L/hour) while standing. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories.
ACV or Annual Contract Value is a revenue metric that describes the amount of revenue you receive from a given customer each year. ARR or Annual Recurring Revenue is also a revenue metric that describes the amount of revenue you can expect to receive from your existing clients in a given year.
12 to 14 years old: < 22.0 ng/dL. 15 to 17 years old: 3.0 – 32.0 ng/dL. 18 to 99 years old: 3.1 – 35.4 ng/dL.
Primary hyperaldosteronism can cause very high blood pressure, which can damage many organs, including the eyes, kidneys, heart, and brain. Erection problems and enlarged breast tissue in men (gynecomastia) may occur with long-term use of medicines to block the effect of hyperaldosteronism.
Those symptoms include loss of vision in an eye, loss of power in an arm or leg or a rising sense of numbness in the legs. Other common symptoms associated with MS include spasms, fatigue, depression, incontinence issues, sexual dysfunction, and walking difficulties.
Absolute risk reduction (ARR) – also called risk difference (RD) – is the most useful way of presenting research results to help your decision-making. In this example, the ARR is 8 per cent (20 per cent - 12 per cent = 8 per cent).
Applegate first shared she was diagnosed with MS, an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, in August of 2021. “It's been a strange journey. But I have been so supported by people that I know who also have this condition,” Applegate wrote in a social media post.