What is the 20% self-employment deduction?

Asked by: Mr. Avery Nikolaus V  |  Last update: June 12, 2025
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The deduction allows eligible taxpayers to deduct up to 20 percent of their QBI, plus 20 percent of qualified real estate investment trust (REIT) dividends and qualified publicly traded partnership (PTP) income.

What is the 20% tax deduction for self-employment?

What Is the 20% Qualified Business Income (QBI) Deduction? Pass-through owners who qualify can deduct up to 20% of their net business income from their income taxes, reducing their effective income tax rate by 20%. This deduction is commonly known as the "qualified business income deduction" or "QBI deduction."

Who qualifies for the 20% pass through deduction?

Deduction With Taxable Income Below $329,800/$164,900

As of 2021, if you have $329,800 or less in taxable income, or $164,900 or less if you are single, you will receive a deduction of 20 percent of your qualified business income.

Can LLC owners deduct up to 20% of their business income?

As an owner of a pass-through entity, you may also be eligible for a qualified business income (QBI) deduction of up to 20%. Note: Although LLCs are pass-through entities for income tax purposes, they may still be subject to other state taxes, including franchise, sales, and use taxes.

What is the self-employment tax deduction rate?

The self-employment tax rate — a combination of Social Security and Medicare taxes — is 15.3% for 2024 and 2025. You'll use Schedule C to calculate net earnings and Schedule SE to calculate how much tax you owe. You can deduct 50% of your self-employment tax on your income taxes.

The Qualified Business Income (QBI) Tax Deduction (U.S. Tax)

45 related questions found

Why is 30% tax for self-employed?

That “30% rule of thumb” comes from the fact that self-employment income is taxed at an additional 15.3% to make sure that self-employed people still pay Medicare and Social Security tax.

What is the 15.3% self-employment tax?

The self-employment tax rate is 15.3%. The rate consists of two parts: 12.4% for social security (old-age, survivors, and disability insurance) and 2.9% for Medicare (hospital insurance).

How can an LLC avoid self-employment tax?

File as an S corporation

LLCs have the option of filing as an S corp., the main benefit of which is it provides a mechanism for reducing self-employment taxes. Under an S corp structure, the owner of an LLC can be considered an employee and receive a salary.

How do LLC owners avoid taxes?

An LLC can avoid double taxation by electing to be taxed as a pass-through entity. If the LLC has just one member, that owner can be taxed as either a disregarded entity ( and pay business tax on their individual return) or an S Corporation. Either will help them avoid double taxation.

Who cannot claim QBI deduction?

Income earned through a C corporation or by providing services as an employee is not eligible for the deduction.

How does self-employment tax work?

As a self-employed individual, generally you are required to file an annual income tax return and pay estimated taxes quarterly. Self-employed individuals generally must pay self-employment (SE) tax as well as income tax. SE tax is a Social Security and Medicare tax primarily for individuals who work for themselves.

How do I calculate my qualified business income deduction?

How to Calculate QBI for Your Small Business
  1. QBI (the net amount of income, gain, deduction, and loss from any qualified trade or business) multiplied by 20%
  2. Taxable income multiplied by 20% minus net capital gains and qualified dividends.

Why did Congress enact the 20% qualified business income deduction?

Why did Congress enact the 20​% qualified business income​ deduction? a tax rate somewhat comparable to the 21​% corporate tax rate. ​ Thus, Congress did not want to give a tax break to C corporations while not giving a tax break to businesses operating in a​ pass-through form.

How much can an LLC write off?

If your total costs for starting a business are $50,000 or less, you can deduct up to $5,000 of those costs in your first tax year. These deductions decrease dollar by dollar if your startup costs exceed $50,000, and the remainder is deductible over 15 years.

How do I get the biggest tax refund when self-employed?

By taking a business deduction instead of an itemized deduction, you reduce your adjusted gross income (AGI) and your self-employment tax. Whenever possible, it's best to deduct an expense or a portion of an expense as a business expense rather than an itemized deduction, as this generally increases your tax savings.

How does the 20% QBI deduction work?

The qualified business income (QBI) deduction, also known as Section 199A, allows owners of pass-through businesses to claim a tax deduction worth up to 20 percent of their qualified business income. It was introduced as part of the 2017 tax reform called the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA).

What is the most tax efficient way to pay yourself in LLC?

The best way to pay yourself from an LLC depends on the size and structure of your business as well as which benefits are most important to you. For example, paying yourself through a draw or distributions may be more beneficial for small business owners looking to reduce their tax burden.

What is the biggest disadvantage of an LLC?

A major disadvantage of an LLC is that owners may pay more taxes. When setting up as a pass-through to owners, they are subject to self-employment tax.

Can you write off car payments for LLC?

Yes, you can write off the interest on a car loan if it's used for business purposes. You'll need to use the actual expense method to deduct this expense and you can only write off the business use portion of the interest. Also, keep in mind that your principal payments aren't deductible.

Is LLC good for self-employed?

As a self-employed individual or sole proprietor, personal and business assets are not separated. This means creditors can pursue your personal assets to settle business debts. An LLC provides a protective barrier, shielding personal assets from business liabilities.

How to not owe taxes when self-employed?

Self-employment tax of 15.3% is generally owed on any self-employment income. Self-employed taxpayers can reduce the amount of SE taxes they pay by taking allowable deductions to reduce business net income. They can also use retirement plan and health savings account contributions to reduce income subject to SE tax.

Why are taxes so high for self-employed?

Simply being self-employed subjects one to a separate 15.3% tax covering Social Security and Medicare. While W-2 employees “split” this rate with their employers, the IRS views an entrepreneur as both the employee and the employer. Thus, the higher tax rate.

What income is excluded from self-employment tax?

The federal government charges self-employment tax based on total earnings, not the nature of one's business. As such, income less than $400 net per year may be exempt from self-employment tax. Church income less than $108.28 may also be exempt.