What is the law on unpaid medical bills in California?

Asked by: Darion Homenick  |  Last update: December 16, 2025
Score: 4.5/5 (42 votes)

A new state law will keep medical debt off your credit report, sparing a hit to your all-important credit score. This is a big deal for California where millions struggle with unpaid medical bills. It takes effect Jan. 1, 2025.

What is the new law for medical debt in California?

Senate Bill 1061 (SB 1061), authored by Senator Monique Limón (D- Santa Barbara) and sponsored by Attorney General Bonta, went into effect on January 1, 2025, and protects consumers from having their credit ruined by medical debt appearing on credit reports.

What happens if you don't pay a medical bill in California?

Once medical bills enter collections, they are often reported to consumer credit reporting companies. Medical debt collections on a credit report can impact your ability to buy or rent a home, raise the price you pay for a car or insurance, and make it more difficult to find a job.

What happens if you don't pay medical bills under $500?

The CFPB's action follows changes made by the three nationwide credit reporting conglomerates – Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion – who announced that they would take certain types of medical debt off of credit reports, including collections under $500, after the CFPB raised concerns about medical debt credit reporting ...

What is the time limit for medical billing in California?

A: Any complete bill for uncontested medical treatment provided must be paid by the claims administrator within 45 days of receipt of the bill or within 60 days if the employer is a governmental entity.

New rule will remove medical debt from credit reports for millions

29 related questions found

How often do hospitals sue for unpaid bills?

A smaller number (about 25%) sell patients' debts to debt collectors and about 20% deny nonemergency care to people with outstanding debt. More than two-thirds of hospitals in the sample sue patients or take other legal action against them.

Can a hospital bill me a year later in California?

For nearly all medical bills, collectors can pursue your debt for up to 4 years from the date the bill was issued. “Open book” exceptions extend the statute to the last service rendered or the date of last payment.

Who qualifies for medical debt forgiveness in California?

All hospitals offer discounts or bill forgiveness based on income. On average, a family of 4 earning less than $100,000 a year will qualify. You can apply for financial assistance before or at the time of your hospital treatment or service. You do not need to wait for a bill.

What is the new law for debt collection in California?

California's Fair Debt Collection Practices Act has long been a critical framework for protecting consumers from abusive or unfair debt collection practices. Recently, however, Governor Gavin Newsom signed into law SB 1286 on September 24, 2024, expanding these protections to certain commercial debts.

Can a hospital take your house for unpaid medical bills?

The short answer is yes, it is possible to lose your home over unpaid medical bills though the doctor or hospital would have to be willing to go to a lot of effort to make that happen. Medical debt is classified as unsecured debt. This means that your debt isn't tied to any collateral.

What happens if I ignore my medical bills?

Understand the Consequences of Ignoring Medical Bills

Collection actions: If you fail to pay your medical bills, healthcare providers may eventually send your account to a collection agency. Collection agencies can be aggressive in their attempts to recover the debt, causing additional stress and financial strain.

How to fight medical bills in California?

Your health insurer will review your complaint and should tell the provider to stop billing you. If you do not agree with your health insurer's response or would like help from the California Department of Insurance to fix the problem, you can file a complaint with us online or by calling 1-800-927-4357.

What is the statute of limitation for medical bills in California?

CCP § 337 for almost all contracts: 4 years from the date of the bill. Notice the “open book” exception that extends the SOL to the last service rendered and §360 which extends it to the date of last payment. If the bill is from a state or county hospital, the law is the same, but cite CCP § 345.

What is the new medical law in California?

A new state law will keep medical debt off your credit report, sparing a hit to your all-important credit score. This is a big deal for California where millions struggle with unpaid medical bills. It takes effect Jan. 1, 2025.

Is medical debt being forgiven?

The CFPB is finalizing a rule that will remove medical debt from the credit reports of more than 15 million Americans, raising their credit scores by an estimated average of 20 points and leading to the approval of approximately 22,000 additional mortgages every year.

How long before a debt becomes uncollectible in California?

Debt collectors may not be able to sue you to collect on old (time-barred) debts, but they may still try to collect on those debts. In California, there is generally a four-year limit for filing a lawsuit to collect a debt based on a written agreement.

What is the 11 word phrase to stop debt collectors?

If you are struggling with debt and debt collectors, Farmer & Morris Law, PLLC can help. As soon as you use the 11-word phrase “please cease and desist all calls and contact with me immediately” to stop the harassment, call us for a free consultation about what you can do to resolve your debt problems for good.

What happens if you never pay collections?

If you continue not to pay, you'll hurt your credit score and you risk losing your property or having your wages or bank account garnished.

What are the consequences of unpaid medical bills?

If you do nothing and don't pay, you could be facing late fees and interest, debt collection, lawsuits, garnishments, and lower credit scores.

How to get out of paying medical bills?

Look for financial assistance or charity care programs. Similarly, you can ask your medical care provider if it has a financial assistance policy or charity care program for people with low incomes. Nonprofit hospitals are required to have these plans in place; some for-profit hospitals have them as well.

Do you have to pay hospital bills in California?

In California, there are limits to how much hospitals can charge patients. California hospitals must provide free or discounted care to patients who are uninsured, have high medical costs, and have incomes below 400% of the Federal Poverty Level.

Do hospitals write off unpaid medical bills?

There is no one, clear cut answer to the question of whether hospitals write off unpaid medical bills. Some hospitals do this a lot, some do not do it at all, and there is a wide range of hospitals in between. Many factors go into how and if, a hospital writes off an individual's bill.

Do I have to pay a medical bill that is over a year old?

Providers typically have between 6 months and 1 year (depending on state law) to bill services to your health plan. If they miss this window, the insurer will not pay. But that doesn't release you from paying – the provider can still bill you directly for the full amount.

How to negotiate a hospital bill?

1. Understand your medical bill.
  1. Request an itemized bill. Like a receipt, an itemized bill breaks down all the charges, including the cost of each procedure, medication, and service. ...
  2. Double-check your medical codes. ...
  3. Compare prices. ...
  4. Offer to pay upfront. ...
  5. Try a payment plan. ...
  6. Negotiate based on comparable rates.