Deposits to your checking account may be subject to holds, which restrict your access to the funds, typically lasting up to seven business days for certain circumstances. Federal laws regulate deposit holds, with most deposits being available within one or two business days.
A "reasonable" period of time can range from two business days to up to six business days. A hold can also be placed if a bank has reasonable cause to doubt the collectability of the check. The portion of a deposited check that exceeds $5,525 can be held for two to five business days.
Banks place holds on checks to make sure that the check payer has the bank funds necessary to clear it. In addition to protecting your bank, a hold can protect you from spending funds from a check that is later returned unpaid.
Banks can freeze accounts until a criminal investigation is done. That can take weeks or months. They also can close your account without any authorization from you and remit your remaining funds to you.
Refer to your deposit account agreement for the bank's funds availability policy. If your bank is a national bank or federal savings association, and you believe it is holding your funds longer than allowed, file a written complaint with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency's (OCC) Customer Assistance Group.
Banks will have the power to pause payments for up to four days to give them more time to investigate fraud, the government has said. Currently, transfers must be processed or declined by the end of the next business day, but the new law will allow an extension of three more days.
Why does the bank place a hold on my deposit? The hold allows us (and the bank paying the funds) time to validate the check – which can help you avoid potential fees in the event a deposited check is returned unpaid.
Some banks or credit unions may make funds available more quickly than the law requires, and some may expedite funds availability for a fee. If you need the money from a particular check, you can ask the teller when the funds will become available.
A federal law, the Expedited Funds Availability Act (EFA), or Regulation CC, provides exceptions that allow banks to delay or "hold" funds deposited by check for an extended period of time. When this happens, you must be given a notice stating the reason for the hold and when your funds are available for withdrawal.
When you leave, if you and your landlord or agent both agree on how much of the deposit you should get back, you should get it back within ten days of agreeing. If your deposit was held in a custodial scheme, you will also receive some interest on the deposit.
However, for individual cashier's checks, money orders or traveler's checks that exceed $10,000, the institution that issues the check in exchange for currency is required to report the transaction to the government, so the bank where the check is being deposited doesn't need to.
Circumstances will vary, but a check that is subject to an exception hold would generally be available no later than the seventh business day after deposit. If the bank wants to delay availability beyond that date, Regulation CC requires the bank to be able to establish that the additional time is reasonable.
If the bank will not release funds that are legally yours, you might have a valid legal claim. An attorney can help you understand your rights and responsibilities if your funds are being withheld.
When figuring out how to remove a hold on a bank account, you can often contact your bank and find out what caused the hold. If it was a pre-authorization hold placed by a merchant on a debit card transaction, you might be able to contact them directly and have them remove it.
Under the federal Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and USA PATRIOT Act, banks and other financial institutions must report cash deposits of more than $10,000 with a Currency Transaction Report (CTR) filing.
The Federal Reserve says that a "reasonable" extended hold generally means one additional business day (total of two business days) for a bank's own checks and five additional business days (total of seven) for most other checks.
The fastest way to have access to check funds is to deposit the check in person at a bank or credit union branch. That ensures the deposit is made before the bank's cutoff time, which speeds up the process. Mobile check deposits and those made at ATMs after hours typically take longer to clear.
Contact Your Bank
If deposited funds are being held for a longer period than you expected, it's a good idea to call, email or stop by a branch of your bank to ask about specifics of its hold policy. You can ask your bank to provide an explanation for the hold or sometimes even to release the hold.
Often, banks will let you withdraw up to $20,000 per day in person (where they can confirm your identity). Daily withdrawal limits at ATMs tend to be much lower, generally ranging from $300 to $1,000.
Generally, it takes two to five business days to get all the funds from a check into your account. However, some factors might hold up the check-clearing process, like the status of your account or the place where you deposited the check.
You can deposit $50,000 cash in your bank as long as you report it to the IRS. Your individual banking institutions may also have limits on cash deposit amounts, so check with your bank before making large cash deposits.
Generally, a bank must make the first $225 from the deposit available—for either cash withdrawal or check writing purposes—at the start of the next business day after the banking day that the deposit is made. The rest of the deposit should generally be available on the second business day.
A pending transaction is a recent authorised card transaction that is waiting to be processed by the merchant and can take up to 28 days but normally takes 2/3 days to clear onto your balance. Once a pending transaction has cleared, it will appear below in your list of cleared transactions.
Banks cannot place holds on checks indefinitely. Federal Reserve rules require banks to hold checks for a “reasonable period of time” which means two business days for checks issued by the same bank and no more than seven business days for checks that are drawn from a different bank.