The maximum IRS failure-to-file penalty is generally 25% of the unpaid tax (5% per month, up to 5 months). If filed over 60 days late, the minimum penalty is $525 (for 2026 returns) or 100% of the unpaid tax, whichever is less. Total combined penalties (filing + paying) can reach 47.5%.
If you owe tax and don't file on time (with extensions), there's also a penalty for not filing on time. The failure-to-file penalty is usually five percent of the tax owed for each month, or part of a month, that your return is late, up to a maximum of 25%.
One-time forgiveness, officially known as First-Time Penalty Abatement (FTA), is an IRS program that allows qualified taxpayers to have certain penalties removed from their tax accounts.
If you file taxes after the October 15 extension deadline, the IRS will assess penalties and interest, primarily a failure-to-file penalty (5% per month, max 25%), plus a separate failure-to-pay penalty (0.5% per month) and daily interest on the unpaid taxes, though you can request penalty abatement for reasonable cause like natural disasters. The October deadline is for filing, not paying; if you owe, payment was due in April, so you'll likely face both penalties and interest until you file and pay, but you won't be penalized if you're due a refund.
A reasonable excuse is something that stopped you meeting a tax obligation for a valid reason, for example: your partner or another close relative died shortly before the tax return or payment deadline. you had an unexpected stay in hospital that prevented you from dealing with your tax affairs.
The IRS can waive penalties if you demonstrate that your failure to comply with tax requirements was due to reasonable cause. Acceptable reasons include serious illness, natural disasters, or other events beyond your control that prevented timely tax filing or payment.
The due date to file your California state tax return and pay any balance due is April 15, 2026. However, California grants an automatic extension until October 15, 2026 to file your return, although your payment is still due by April 15, 2026. No application is required for an extension to file.
Failure-to-pay penalty is charged for failing to pay your tax by the due date. The late payment penalty is 0.5% of the tax owed after the due date, for each month or part of a month the tax remains unpaid, up to 25%.
The IRS 7-year rule primarily applies to keeping records for claiming a deduction for bad debts or losses from worthless securities, allowing a longer period to file for a credit or refund, but it's not a universal audit limit; it's often a recommended safe buffer for general record-keeping, with the standard IRS audit period usually being 3 years, extending to 6 years for substantial income omission (over 25%) or foreign income issues, and indefinitely for fraud.
You may qualify for penalty relief if you demonstrate that you exercised ordinary care and prudence and were nevertheless unable to file your return or pay your taxes on time. Examples of valid reasons for failing to file or pay on time may include: Fires, natural disasters or civil disturbances.
The IRS has restrictive guidelines for determining who needs to file, which means even if you don't owe, you may still have to submit a return. These restrictions are based on the amount and type of income you receive and whether automatic deductions will reduce your income below taxable levels.
This penalty of 20% or 40% of the increase in tax is due in the case of substantial understatement of tax, substantial valuation misstatements, transfer pricing adjustments, or negligence or disregard of rules or regulations. For example, a valuation overstatement can result in a 30% penalty on the amount of tax owed.
If you don't file your tax return by the October 15 extension deadline, the IRS charges a failure-to-file penalty of 5% per month (up to 25%) on unpaid taxes, plus a failure-to-pay penalty (0.5% per month), and interest on the total amount due, potentially leading to significant costs, though you can request penalty abatement for reasonable cause, and if you're owed a refund, you generally won't face penalties but risk losing your refund if you wait too long (usually over 3 years).
We may be able to remove or reduce some penalties if you acted in good faith and can show reasonable cause for why you weren't able to meet your tax obligations. By law we cannot remove or reduce interest unless the penalty is removed or reduced. For more information, see penalty relief.
Even if you can't pay all the taxes you owe, you should still file your tax return by the due date. The penalty for failing to file your tax return is 10 times as much as the penalty for failing to pay.
The IRS urges those who must file returns by the Oct. 15 deadline – midnight tomorrow – to e-file their returns; electronic filing options are available as are electronic payment options.
The IRS e-file shutdown 2025 will start on December 26 and last until it reopens in January 2026.
How to Reduce Your Audit Risks
If you don't pay the amount shown as tax you owe on your return, we calculate the failure to pay penalty in this way: The failure to pay penalty is 0.5% of the unpaid taxes for each month or part of a month the tax remains unpaid. The penalty won't exceed 25% of your unpaid taxes.
If you don't file taxes for a year and owe money, you face significant penalties and interest, including a 5% per month failure-to-file penalty (up to 25%), a separate failure-to-pay penalty, and accruing interest, potentially leading to wage garnishment, bank levies, and even criminal charges in extreme cases; however, if you are due a refund, there's no penalty, but you must file within three years to claim it.
To get IRS penalties removed, request relief via phone or IRS Form 843, citing Reasonable Cause (like serious illness, natural disaster, death in family) or the First-Time Penalty Abatement (FTA) program if you have a clean compliance history for the prior three years. While penalties may be removed, interest is harder to abate and usually only decreases if the underlying penalty is reduced; paying the full tax bill stops future interest, and you can dispute penalties by calling the number on your notice.