When can a trustee be held personally liable?

Asked by: Bert Jast  |  Last update: October 17, 2025
Score: 4.2/5 (66 votes)

Trustees found guilty of self-dealing or conflicts of interest can be held personally liable for resulting damages and may face removal from their position.

Can a trustee be held personally liable?

Trustees must follow the terms of the trust and are accountable to the beneficiaries for their actions. They may be held personally liable if they: Are found to be self-dealing, or using trust assets for their own benefit. Cause damage to a third party to the same extent as if the property was their own.

How do you hold a trustee accountable?

In order for the beneficiary to hold the trustee accountable, the beneficiary must have information about what the trustee is required to do and what the trustee actually does. Thus, the trustee has a duty to account and to inform.

Are trustees personally liable for debts?

Trustees are personally liable for all decisions they take in that capacity, and their liability is not automatically limited to the value of the trust fund.

What is the limitation of trustees' liability?

This clause is intended for use when a lease is granted to, or by, individuals acting as trustees. The clause limits the liability of the trustees to the assets of the trust fund.

Can Trustees Be Held Personally Liable? | RMO Lawyers

27 related questions found

What is the indemnification of a trustee?

What is Indemnification of Trustee? Indemnification of a trustee is a legal mechanism designed to protect trustees from personal liability for actions taken in good faith during the course of their duties.

Does a trust limit your liability?

While revocable trusts don't provide asset protection against liability risks or lawsuits during your lifetime, they can protect your assets after you pass away.

What is the trustee liability clause?

It defines the scope and extent of the trustee's liability to the noteholders; it also dictates whether the trustee will be entitled to claim indemnity from the issuer where the trustee has suffered a loss or other liability.

Can creditors go after a trustee?

In general, creditors cannot access assets in certain types of trusts, like irrevocable trusts, because the trustor no longer owns them. However, if the trust remains revocable, creditors may claim the assets.

What happens if trustee does not provide accounting?

If the accounting is not provided in the proper form as required by the law, then after sixty days the beneficiary can file a probate court petition to seek a court order requiring the trustee to prepare the proper accounting and can request reimbursement for the fees and costs they incur in bringing the petition.

What cannot a trustee do?

A trustee must abide by the trust document and the California Probate Code. They are prohibited from using trust assets for personal gain and must act in the best interest of the beneficiaries. Trust assets are meant for the benefit of the trust beneficiaries and not for the personal use of the trustee.

What is an example of trustee misconduct?

Examples of executor misconduct and trustee misconduct include: Failing to provide accountings to beneficiaries. Favoring one beneficiary over another. Misappropriating or misusing estate or trust assets for personal gain.

What happens if a trustee refuses to give beneficiary money?

If the trustee is not paying beneficiaries accurately or on time, legal action can be taken against them.

How are Trustees held accountable?

Trustees can be held liable for the losses they cause to the trust they are administering. Typically, beneficiaries can recover assets of the trust that were distributed improperly if they can trace them. Problems may arise in recovering the assets if an innocent purchaser bought them for value.

Can a trustee go to jail for stealing from trust?

Under California law, embezzling trust funds or property valued at $950 or less is a misdemeanor offense and is punishable by up to 6 months in county jail. If a trustee embezzles more than $950 from the trust, they can be charged with felony embezzlement, which carries a sentence of up to 3 years in jail.

Can an executor override a trustee?

An executor does not possess the power to overrule or change the terms established by a trust; these roles carry separate responsibilities. An executor's role consists of overseeing and closing an estate as per its will's instructions without disrupting or interfering with their independent functions as trustee.

Can a trustee take all the money?

Ultimately, trustees can only withdraw money from a trust account for specific expenses within certain limitations. Their duties require them to comply with the grantor's wishes. If they breach their fiduciary duties, they will be removed as the trustee and face a surcharge for compensatory damages.

Is a trustee personally liable for debts of a trust?

Under California trust law, trustees can be held personally liable for losses incurred due to a breach of trustee duties. Trustees have a legal obligation to act in the best interest of beneficiaries and the trust. This obligation is also known as their fiduciary duty.

Can assets in a trust be seized?

Once you transfer your assets into such a trust, they are no longer under your personal control—making them inaccessible to those who might seek to seize them. This permanence provides a sturdy barrier against potential threats, ensuring that your wealth remains intact for your beneficiaries.

What is Section 31 of the trustee Act?

The statutory power of maintenance is provided by s31 TA 1925. This gives trustees powers and duties in relation to trust income. Unamended, this covers powers to apply and accumulate income for beneficiaries under 18, as well as a duty to pay trust income to a beneficiary over 18.

What is the liability protection clause?

Liability clauses are an important contractual tool designed to manage overall risk by limiting a party's potential liability for damages and they're of crucial importance in a contract. These clauses should be carefully reviewed and are often highly negotiated.

What is the indemnity clause for trustees?

Trustees have a right to indemnify themselves from the trust fund in respect of expenses they have incurred in discharging their trustee duties. This includes administration costs, taxes relating to the trust fund and contractual liabilities.

Can creditors come after a trust?

If you are the beneficiary of an irrevocable trust, judgment creditors will not typically be able to take money directly from the trust. However, they usually can access distributions you receive from the trust.

What is the new IRS rule on irrevocable trusts?

With the new IRS rule, assets in an irrevocable trust are not part of the owner's taxable estate at their death and are not eligible for the fair market valuation when transferred to an heir. The 2023-2 rule doesn't give an heir the higher cost basis or fair market value of the inherited asset.

How much money is protected in a trust?

It does not matter that some beneficiaries might receive a greater share of the trust funds than others. Under the FDIC's rules, an owner's trust deposits are insured for up to $250,000 per eligible beneficiary, up to a maximum of $1,250,000 if five or more eligible beneficiaries are named.