The credit score that matters most is the one your lender uses, which is usually a FICO Score, especially FICO 8 for general credit or specific industry scores (Auto/Bankcard) for loans, with mortgage lenders often using "tri-merge" versions from the three bureaus (Experian, Equifax, TransUnion) and taking the middle score. Since different lenders pull different scores (FICO vs. VantageScore, different versions, different bureaus), focusing on improving your core FICO scores, particularly FICO 8, gives you the best general picture, with mortgage and auto scores being key for those specific loans.
One credit bureau isn't more accurate than another, rather, they may simply have different methods of calculating your credit score. It's important to note that all three bureaus are used widely in the U.S. None of them are more “important” than the others.
The Three Bureaus and FICO
For example, an apartment manager who checks your credit may only look at Experian while a credit card company might only look at TransUnion. FICO was developed as an alternative to these bureaus. Many lenders prefer FICO because it paints a more holistic picture of the potential borrower.
FICO® and VantageScore® are the two most popular credit scoring models today. The credit scores they assign are equally reliable and accurate, based on the specific credit scoring model that's being used. Scores can and do fluctuate as new data is received.
FICO® Score 8 is the most used credit score model by lenders
FICO® Score 8 is still the most widely used credit scoring model, with 90% of top lenders using some version of FICO®. You can check both your FICO® Score 8 and 9 and see the differences in your FICO® scores through FICO® Open Access.
Yes, you can likely get a $50,000 loan with a 700 credit score, as this falls into the "good" credit range (670-739) that unlocks better rates, but approval also hinges on your income, debt-to-income (DTI) ratio (ideally below 36%), and overall credit history, with lenders looking for stability and repayment ability, so prequalifying with multiple lenders helps compare terms.
The two main companies that produce and maintain credit scores are FICO and VantageScore. Both have released updates to their basic scores over the years. FICO® Scores are used by 90% of top lenders to make lending decisions, and in particular, the FICO® Score 8 is a popular version for general use.
It's partly true: most negative items like late payments and collections are removed from your credit report after about seven years, but the underlying debt often still exists, and bankruptcies (Chapter 7) last 10 years, so your credit isn't entirely "clear" but mostly refreshed from old negatives. The 7-year clock starts from the date of the original delinquency, not when you paid it off or sent to collections, and the debt itself can still be pursued by collectors.
Yes, car dealerships use both Equifax and TransUnion (along with Experian), often pulling reports from multiple bureaus to find the best auto loan rates, as lenders specialize in different ones, with Experian being very common for auto loans, but Equifax and TransUnion being used too, depending on the lender and region, with multiple pulls usually counting as one inquiry for "rate shopping".
According to the Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO), the highest possible FICO® Credit Score is 850, and only 1.7% of the U.S. population has it (as of April 2023). When you know what your score means you can better plan for new credit options.
According to Darrin English, a senior community development loan officer at Quontic Bank, mortgage lenders request your FICO scores from all three bureaus — Equifax, Transunion and Experian. But they only use one when making their final decision. If all of your scores are the same, the choice is simple.
Your credit reports from Experian, TransUnion and Equifax could have different information because creditors can choose which bureau(s) they want to report to, as well as what they report and when. As a result, the same scoring model could give you different credit scores based on each of your three credit reports.
The golden rule of credit cards is to pay your statement balance in full every single month. This practice is crucial for maintaining a good credit score and avoiding costly interest charges.
Common Mistakes That Can Hurt Your Credit
The majority of credit providers appear to use a single credit bureau and most often that bureau is Equifax. The ACCC also found that even where the large credit providers contract with multiple bureaux, some see Equifax as the primary bureau and utilise Experian and illion as a secondary data source.
PenFed Credit Union is the only loan company that uses only your Equifax credit data. In most cases, you won't be able to determine beforehand which credit bureaus your lender will use.