A large cadre of research now shows that student debt disproportionately burdens Black borrowers. Not only are Black students more likely to borrow, and to need to borrow more, but they struggle much more with paying back their loans.
However, lower-income households have the highest ratio of credit card debt relative to monthly income. The Federal Reserve conducts the SCF every three years on a cross-sectional sample of U.S. households, surveying them about their demographics and balance sheet, income and other financial characteristics.
Higher percentages of Black (88 percent) and American Indian/Alaska Native (87 percent) students received grants than students who were of Two or more races (79 percent), White (74 percent), and Asian (66 percent).
64% of all student loan debt belongs to women. The average student debt for women in the U.S. is $31,726. Women have a median annual salary of $56,170 following college graduation, which is 26% of what men can expect to earn following graduation.
Approximately three-quarters of Black- and White-headed families have debt, but the median debt-to-asset ratio is 50% higher among Black than White families (Copeland, 2020), with Black borrowers less likely to fully repay loans (Brevoort et al., 2021).
Among student borrowers, women take out an average of $31,276, while men borrow an average of $29,270, according to a 2021 data analysis by the American Association of University Women. Black women owe a disproportionate amount of student debt.
Student loans are owned by the federal government or private institutions, depending on the type of student loan. Federal student loans are owned by the U.S. Department of Education while private student loans are owned by the financial institution that granted them.
While Gen Z has the lowest average debt balance ($22,948 in 2024), they represent the 2nd-largest generational segment; 28.2% of student borrowers are Gen Z. 13.1 million Gen Zers have a student loan debt balance (representing 43.5% of Gen Z aged 18 and older).
Out of the multiple countries we examined, the United Kingdom and the United States hold the record for the highest average student loan debt. In England, students graduate with an average student loan debt of over $54,000, while in the U.S. students have an average of $28,400 at graduation.
Males constituted 87.9% of those arrested for robbery.
Black and African American college graduates owe an average of $25,000 more in student loan debt than white college graduates. Four years after graduation, black students owe an average of 188% more than white students borrowed.
Asian households overall had more wealth than other households two years since the start of the pandemic. In 2021, Asian households had a median net worth of $320,900, compared with $250,400 for White households. The median net worth of Hispanic households ($48,700) and Black households ($27,100) was much less.
Those with a Black householder made up 13.6% of all U.S. households but held only 4.7% of all wealth. And their median wealth ($24,520) was about one-tenth the median wealth of households with a White householder ($250,400). Wealth is the value of assets owned minus the value of debts owed.
Who has the most student loan debt by race? Black adults are more likely to have student loan debt than those in other racial or ethnic groups. They are more likely than white adults to hold student debt at every level of educational attainment.
Women are stereotypically seen as irresponsible spenders, but the data doesn't back this up. According to a 2019 Experian study, men carry more debt than women across nearly all categories, including credit card debt — the study found that men have $125 more in credit card debt than women on average.
Net worth: Least wealthy Americans most likely to hold student loan debt. American families with the lowest net worths (the total amount of financial and nonfinancial assets, minus debt) are most likely to hold student loan debt — and large amounts of it.
Black Americans donated a higher percentage of their income to religious congregations and secular causes in 2018 than all other racial groups, except for White Americans. The main findings of this report are based on the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy's Philanthropy Panel Study (PPS).
In 2022, the college enrollment rate for 18- to 24-year-olds was higher for those who were Asian (61 percent) than for those of all other racial/ethnic groups: White (41 percent) Two or more races (36 percent) Black (36 percent)