Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, has made headlines for his tax payments in recent years. In 2021, Musk paid a staggering $11 billion in federal taxes, the largest amount ever paid by an individual in U.S. history.
Who is the highest individual taxpayer in the world? As per FY 2021 reports, Jeff Bezos was the highest individual taxpayer in the world by, paying over USD 2.4 billion in taxes.
How much income tax do the top earners pay? Most of the government's federal income tax revenue comes from the nation's top income earners. In 2021, the top 5% of earners — people with incomes $252,840 and above — collectively paid over $1.4 trillion in income taxes, or about 66% of the national total.
1950s: The top marginal tax rate was as high as 91% during parts of the 1950s (from 1951 to 1963). However, few people paid this rate due to deductions and exclusions. Today: The top marginal tax rate in the U.S. is 37% as of 2023, plus potential state and local taxes, bringing the effective rate higher in some states.
The top income tax rate reached above 90% from 1944 through 1963, peaking in 1944, when top taxpayers paid an income tax rate of 94% on their taxable income. Starting in 1964, a period of income tax rate decline began, ending in 1987.
According to the latest IRS data, the top 1% of earners paid 40.4% of all federal income taxes in 2022. This underscores the extent to which the burden of the income tax system falls on taxpayers from the highest income groups.
You generally don't have to pay taxes if your income is less than the standard deduction or the total of your itemized deductions, if you have a certain number of dependents, if you work abroad and are below the required thresholds, or if you're a qualifying non-profit organization.
The average annual average salary in the U.S. is $63,795. The median annual salary, which is often less skewed by outlying numbers, is $59,384. It's worth noting that average and median salaries vary quite a bit by state.
Who has the lowest tax rates in the world? Some of the countries with the lowest tax rates in the world include Malta, Cyprus, Andorra, Montenegro, and Singapore. In addition to having no income tax, individuals in Antigua and Barbuda are also exempt from taxes on wealth, capital gains, and inheritance.
Overall Most Income Taxes Paid by State
The top four states by total federal income tax paid in tax year 2021 also fall into the top four states by population per Census Bureau data that year and number of returns filed. These are California, New York, Texas, and Florida.
Heavyweight boxer Anthony Joshua is 88th out of 100 on the index, after his company posted a turnover of £129m. He contributed over £12m in UK tax. Author JK Rowling ranks 31st on the list, having paid £40m in UK taxes in the past 12 months. One below at 32nd is Ed Sheeran who paid more than £36m in UK tax.
In some years, billionaires such as Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk and George Soros paid no federal income taxes at all. Billionaires avoid these taxes by taking out special ultra-low-interest loans available only to them and using their assets as collateral.
Others will object to taxing the wealthy unless they actually use their gains, but many of the wealthiest actually do use their gains through the borrowing loophole: They get rich, borrow against those gains, consume the borrowing, and do not pay any tax.
“Companies are allowed to 'carry forward' excess losses to years with profits, with the old losses canceling out current earnings,” the report explains. That's how Tesla, which last year made $10 billion in profit on $96 billion in revenue, was able to pay no federal income tax.
Which Are the Tax-Free States? Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming are the only states that do not levy a state income tax. Note that Washington does levy a state capital gains tax on certain high earners.
The requirement to pay taxes is not voluntary and is clearly set forth in section 1 of the Internal Revenue Code, which imposes a tax on the taxable income of individuals, estates, and trusts as determined by the tables set forth in that section. (Section 11 imposes a tax on the taxable income of corporations.)
All Indians are subject to federal income taxes. As sovereign entities, tribal governments have the power to levy taxes on reservation lands. Some tribes do and some don't. As a result, Indians and non-Indians may or may not pay sales taxes on goods and services purchased on the reservation depending on the tribe.
High-Income Taxpayers Paid the Highest Average Income Tax Rates. In 2021, taxpayers with higher incomes paid much higher average income tax rates than taxpayers with lower incomes.
The top 50 percent of all taxpayers paid 97 percent of all federal individual income taxes, while the bottom 50 percent paid the remaining 3 percent.
In the United States as a whole, you'd need to earn nearly $788,000 to be in the top 1% of earners, SmartAsset reports. To crack the top 5%, you'd have to take in at least $290,000. The figures are estimates, drawn from IRS data for individual filers in 2021 and adjusted to 2024 dollars.
Key takeaways
If you're earning $200,000 per year, you've reached elite status in this country. That's more than double the median income of American households, which per the latest U.S. Census data is $80,610.
You must pay taxes on up to 85% of your Social Security benefits if you file a: Federal tax return as an "individual" and your "combined income" exceeds $25,000. Joint return, and you and your spouse have "combined income" of more than $32,000.
A Brief History of the Top Tax Rate
The top individual rate reached a high of 94 percent in 1944-45, and the top corporate rate reached a high of 53 percent in 1968-69. [4] However, the top rate has not always applied to every type of income.