Ivory Coast has the highest top marginal income tax rate at 60%, while Scandinavian countries like Denmark (55.9%) and Finland (56.95%) consistently impose some of the world's highest income taxes. For labor taxes, Belgium, Germany, and Austria rank highest in terms of total tax burden on employees.
There isn't one single "highest tax paying country" as it depends on what's measured (income, corporate, total tax revenue), but countries like Denmark, Finland, Japan, and Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) consistently rank highest for top personal income tax rates, often exceeding 50-60%, while nations like Belgium can have the highest overall tax burden on labor (tax wedge) for average earners, with high social security. Nordic countries and some European nations generally have high income taxes, funding extensive social services.
States with the highest state income tax include California with a top marginal rate of 12.3% (with an additional 1% income tax on personal income in excess of $1 million per year), Hawaii at 11%, and New York at 10.9%.
As per FY 2021 reports, Jeff Bezos was the highest individual taxpayer in the world by, paying over USD 2.4 billion in taxes.
While no single individual is definitively named the all-time highest taxpayer due to data limitations, Berkshire Hathaway (led by Warren Buffett) holds the record for the largest single corporate tax payment, around $26.8 billion in 2024, while Elon Musk paid a massive $11-12 billion in 2021, and top earners collectively contribute the most revenue, with the top 1% paying around 40% of all individual income taxes.
Before the Trump tax cuts (Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 - TCJA), individual income tax rates ranged from 10%, 15%, 25%, 28%, 33%, 35%, up to a top rate of 39.6%, with different income brackets for single and married filers, while the top corporate tax rate was 35%, significantly higher than the post-TCJA 21% rate. The TCJA maintained seven brackets but adjusted rates and income thresholds, alongside major changes to deductions, credits, and the corporate tax structure, notes this Tax Foundation article.
The top individual marginal income tax rate tended to increase over time through the early 1960s, with some additional bumps during war years. The top income tax rate reached above 90% from 1944 through 1963, peaking in 1944, when top taxpayers paid an income tax rate of 94% on their taxable income.
France and Denmark lead the pack with the highest Euro tax rates. In contrast, corporate and personal income taxes are far higher in the US than in low-tax countries in Europe like Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, and Hungary. So, Eastern European tax rates compared to the US are more favorable.
With respect to corporate taxes, the average U.S. combined federal-state tax rate is 25.8%, higher than the average OECD rate of 23.6%. The U.S. rate is higher than the average European rate of 20.2%, the average Asian rate of 19.7%, and even the average Scandinavian rate of 21.1%.
The United States ranked 32nd¹ out of 38 OECD countries in terms of the tax-to-GDP ratio in 2023. In 2023, the United States had a tax-to-GDP ratio of 25.2% compared with the OECD average of 33.9%. In 2022, the United States was ranked 31st out of the 38 OECD countries in terms of the tax-to-GDP ratio.
President Obama signed the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which included the expiration of the Bush tax cuts for high income earners and implemented a sequester (cap) on spending for the military and other discretionary categories of spending.
Lawmakers have passed legislation called the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” to make the expiring tax cuts permanent, provide additional tax cuts and changes to the tax code, and reduce spending. President Trump signed the bill into law on July 4, 2025.
In some years, billionaires such as Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk and George Soros paid no federal income taxes at all. Billionaires avoid these taxes by taking out special ultra-low-interest loans available only to them and using their assets as collateral. Tesla paid $0 in federal income tax last year.
Billionaires often employ the “buy, borrow, die” strategy to avoid income and capital gains taxes. First, they acquire appreciating assets like stocks or real estate. Instead of selling these assets when they need cash (which would trigger capital gains tax), they borrow against them at favorable interest rates.