There's a significant difference between being a beneficiary or trustee of a trust. If you're named as a beneficiary then you stand to benefit from the assets in the trust. On the other hand, if you're the trustee it's your job to manage those assets according to the wishes of the trust creator.
This is a fundamental concept of trust law: the separation of legal and equitable title. In other words, while the trustee has the legal authority to manage and control the assets, they do so not for their own benefit, but for the beneficiaries.
In a trust, assets are held and managed by one person or people (the trustee) to benefit another person or people (the beneficiary). The person providing the assets is called the settlor.
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Successor trustees can be your adult children, other family members, close friends, or a corporate trustee from a bank trust department or trust company.
All in the family
In most instances, clients select family member trustees for both emotional and financial reasons. Clients may believe that a family member will have an emotional attachment to the beneficiary of the trust and as trustee will stick with the job, come what may.
The name of a trustee is private as trusts are private documents that are not recorded. If you are a beneficiary you will have access to the name of the trustee. If not, unless you have a court order, you cannot get this information.
While trustees may temporarily be able to delay trust distributions if a valid reason exists for them doing so, they are rarely entitled to hold trust assets indefinitely or refuse beneficiaries the gifts they were left through the trust.
Trustee: Trustees often have more ongoing authority, especially in the case of living trusts or long-term trusts. They may manage and distribute assets over many years, depending on the terms of the trust.
In some cases, a trustee can be a beneficial owner of a trust if they also stand to personally benefit from how the assets are managed. One such situation would be if the main beneficiaries are the trustee's family members, and they are planning how to divide up their estate after they pass away.
The short answer is yes. Trustees can be a beneficiary of a discretionary trust, but they usually will not be able to make unilateral decisions, as there generally will be someone else acting as co-trustee who will have to sign off on any discretionary decisions being made surrounding the trust.
Selecting the wrong trustee is easily the biggest blunder parents can make when setting up a trust fund. As estate planning attorneys, we've seen first-hand how this critical error undermines so many parents' good intentions.
Typically, a revocable trust with clear provisions for outright distribution might conclude within 12 to 18 months. However, in simpler cases, the process can take an average of 4 to 5 months without complications.
The grantor can set up the trust so the money is distributed directly to the beneficiaries free and clear of limitations. The trustee can transfer real estate to the beneficiary by having a new deed written up or selling the property and giving them the money, writing them a check or giving them cash.
The trustee is responsible for the trust and its assets. The trustee has broad powers to conduct the trust, and manage its assets. In a family trust, the trustees are usually Mum and Dad (or a company of which Mum and Dad are the shareholders and directors).
Legally, you can appoint yourself as the Trustee of any trust you create, whether it is a revocable or irrevocable trust. Appointing yourself as the Trustee of an irrevocable trust in which you are also the Settlor, however, would almost always defeat the purpose of making the trust irrevocable.
A trustee typically has the most control in running their trust. They are granted authority by their grantor to oversee and distribute assets according to terms set out in their trust document, while beneficiaries merely reap its benefits without overseeing its operations themselves.
A trust is a fiduciary1 relationship in which one party (the Grantor) gives a second party2 (the Trustee) the right to hold title to property or assets for the benefit of a third party (the Beneficiary).
A beneficiary designation generally overrides a trust in the same way it overrides a will.
If you are the designated beneficiary on a deceased person's bank account, you typically can go to the bank immediately following their death to claim the asset. In general, there is no waiting period for beneficiaries to access the money; however, keep in mind that laws can vary by state and by bank.
Under California law, embezzling trust funds or property valued at $950 or less is a misdemeanor offense and is punishable by up to 6 months in county jail. If a trustee embezzles more than $950 from the trust, they can be charged with felony embezzlement, which carries a sentence of up to 3 years in jail.
A trustee can end up having to pay taxes out of their own personal funds if they fail to take action on behalf of the estate in a timely way. Of course, they can also face criminal liability for such crimes as taking money out of a trust to pay for their own kids' college tuition. Yup, that's stealing.
The trustee generally has the authority to withdraw money from a trust to cover the cost of third-party professionals, as well as any other expenses arising as a result of administration.
WHO IS THE “RIGHT” TRUSTEE? A natural first inclination is to consider a family member or trusted friend who knows you and your philosophies and values well. Family or friends may personally know your beneficiaries and their needs.
Depending on the complexity of the case, it may cost anywhere from a few thousand dollars to $100,000 or more to dispute the terms of a trust.