Who owns most of our debt?

Asked by: Prof. Jaquelin McCullough II  |  Last update: April 29, 2025
Score: 4.4/5 (25 votes)

The Federal Government Has Borrowed Trillions. Who Owns All that Debt?
  • Debt held by the public makes up nearly 80% of gross debt. ...
  • Two-thirds of public debt is held by domestic holders. ...
  • The Federal Reserve owns about a third of domestically held debt. ...
  • Foreign holdings of debt have generally increased over the past decade.

Who owns the majority of US debt?

Annual totals are based on data from April of each year. Inflation adjusted to the 2023 calendar year. As of April 2024, the five countries owning the most US debt are Japan ($1.1 trillion), China ($749.0 billion), the United Kingdom ($690.2 billion), Luxembourg ($373.5 billion), and Canada ($328.7 billion).

Who owns the majority of debt?

Of the $34.4 trillion in gross debt in 2023, $27.3 trillion (79%) was public debt borrowed from domestic and foreign investors, while $7.0 trillion (21%) was intragovernmental debt, reflecting internal government transactions.

Who owns over 70% of the US debt?

Who owns the most U.S. debt? Around 70 percent of U.S. debt is held by domestic financial actors and institutions in the United States. U.S. Treasuries represent a convenient, liquid, low-risk store of value.

Who has more debt, the US or China?

This year, U.S. government debt is expected to reach 121 percent of GDP, compared to 90.1 percent of GDP in China and 82.7 percent of GDP in the EU.

Who does the US Owe its $35 Trillion debt? (National Debt Explained)

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What countries still owe the US money?

Top 20 Countries that Owe the US Money
  • Bermuda. Total Debt Held: $77.4 Billion. ...
  • Germany. Total Debt Held: $91.3 Billion. ...
  • Norway. Total Debt Held: $104.4 Billion. ...
  • Korea. Total Debt Held: $105.8 Billion. ...
  • Saudi Arabia. Total Debt Held: $111 Billion. ...
  • France. Total Debt Held: $183.9 Billion. ...
  • Singapore. ...
  • Brazil.

What country owns most of the United States?

Which countries own the most land in the U.S.?
  • CANADA. 31%
  • Other. 28%
  • NETHERLANDS. 12%
  • ITALY. 7%
  • UNITED KINGDOM. 6%
  • GERMANY. 6%
  • PORTUGAL. 3.6%
  • FRANCE. 3.2%

What would happen if China called in US debt?

Consequences of Owing Debt to the Chinese

The U.S. dollar would depreciate and the yuan would appreciate if China called in all its U.S. holdings, making Chinese goods more expensive.

How can the US get out of debt?

Of course, just as with an individual or family, cutting spending and increasing revenue are smart first steps. Beyond that, the government considers things like new taxes, a higher retirement age, removing loopholes from the tax code, and more to reduce annual deficits and the national debt.

Who is the largest buyer of US debt?

  1. Japan. Japan held $1.13 trillion in Treasury securities as of November 2024, beating out China as the largest foreign holder of U.S. debt. ...
  2. China. China gets a lot of attention for holding a big chunk of the U.S. government's debt. ...
  3. United Kingdom. ...
  4. Cayman Islands. ...
  5. Luxembourg.

What would happen if the US paid off its debt?

Answer and Explanation:

If the U.S. was to pay off their debt ultimately, there is not much that would happen. Paying off the debt implies that the government will now focus on using the revenue collected primarily from taxes to fund its activities.

Who owes China the most money?

Which country owes the most debt to China? Pakistan owes the most debt to China, totaling $26.6 billion. This debt primarily funds infrastructure and energy projects, making repayment particularly challenging due to commercial interest rates. How much debt does Angola owe to China?

Who does the US borrow money from?

Federal Borrowing

The federal government borrows money from the public by issuing securities—bills, notes, and bonds—through the Treasury. Treasury securities are attractive to investors because they are: Backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government.

Who is most of the US national debt owed to?

Public debt, which accounts for roughly 80% of the total, is owed to investors. Those investors include foreign governments, mutual funds, pension funds, and individuals among others. The Federal Reserve owns part of this public debt. Intragovernmental debt accounts for the other 20%.

What company owns the most debt?

U.S. companies make up 60.13% of the $10.8 trillion owed by the top 100 global companies in debt. Toyota holds the title of the world's most indebted company outside the financial industries, with a debt of $221.13 billion.

Which countries are not in debt?

Countries with the Lowest National Debt
  • Brunei. 3.2%
  • Afghanistan. 7.8%
  • Kuwait. 11.5%
  • Democratic Republic of Congo. 15.2%
  • Eswatini. 15.5%
  • Palestine. 16.4%
  • Russia. 17.8%

Why can't the US pay off the national debt?

Federal debt is on an unsustainable path

There is a fundamental imbalance between spending and revenues that will continue to grow in future years. CBO anticipates that federal spending will rise from 23.1 percent of GDP in 2024 to 27.3 percent in 2054, according to the agency's most recent long-term projections.

Who can give me money right now?

There are several organisations that can support you if you are in need of emergency funding. These organisations can help you buy food or pay your bills.
  • Trust funds.
  • Credit unions.
  • Councils.
  • Energy providers.
  • The Government.
  • Charities.

Is the US ever going to pay off their debt?

Under current policy, the United States has about 20 years for corrective action after which no amount of future tax increases or spending cuts could avoid the government defaulting on its debt whether explicitly or implicitly (i.e., debt monetization producing significant inflation).

Where does China own land in the United States?

China owns 384,000 acres of American agricultural land. That's a 30% increase just since 2019. And on top of that, they own land near an air force base in North Dakota.

Why does the US owe China so much money?

China invests heavily in U.S. Treasury bonds to keep its export prices lower. China focuses on export-led growth to help generate jobs. To keep its export prices low, China must keep the renminbi low compared to the U.S. dollar.

What country is in the most debt?

United States. The United States boasts both the world's biggest national debt in terms of dollar amount and its largest economy, which resolves to a debt-to GDP ratio of approximately 121.31%.

Can Americans buy land in China?

Yes, foreigners can own land in China, including American citizens. However, certain requirements need to be met, including studying or working in China for at least one year on a residence permit.

What is the richest country than the United States?

Answer: China is the world's most prosperous country. It just surpassed the United States as the world's most prosperous country. Answer: China, the United States, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Japan, Mexico, and Sweden are the world's wealthiest countries, according to McKinsey & Co.