The US is one of the few countries that taxes its citizens on their worldwide income, regardless of where they live or earn their income. This means that American expats are potentially subject to double taxation – once by the country where they earn their income, and again by the United States. NOTE!
Some US expats are required to pay state taxes even after moving overseas, depending on the state where the expat has residency. Taxpayers can change or terminate their state residency to erase their state tax obligations. Certain states make it much harder for expats to change their residency status than others.
Most American expats do not end up owing U.S. taxes
In most situations, U.S. expats can offset foreign-earned income with: The Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE) The Foreign Housing Exclusion.
The first U.S. income tax to include U.S. citizens living overseas dates to 1862, but the first law to authorize taxation of former citizens was passed over a century later, in 1966.
While there is no blanket tax exemption for Americans overseas, the IRS does provide several tax benefits that help you reduce your taxes. These include: Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE): This benefit allows you to exclude a certain amount of foreign-earned income from US taxation.
Key Takeaways
Dual citizens are often required to file tax returns in both countries. However, tax treaties and other benefits can be used to avoid double taxation. Using these benefits, most US dual citizens who live abroad can erase their US tax liability.
Absences of more than 365 consecutive days
You must apply for a re-entry permit (Form I-131) before you leave the United States, or your permanent residence status will be considered abandoned. A re-entry permit enables you to be abroad for up to two years.
Double taxation refers to income tax being paid twice on the same source of income. This can occur when income is taxed at both the corporate and personal level, as in the case of stock dividends. Double taxation also refers to the same income being taxed by two countries.
Limit on excludable amount
The maximum foreign earned income exclusion amount is adjusted annually for inflation. For tax year 2023, the maximum foreign earned income exclusion is the lesser of the foreign income earned or $120,000 per qualifying person. For tax year 2024, the maximum exclusion is $126,500 per person.
The United States is one of the few countries that taxes its citizens on their worldwide income. This means that Americans who retire overseas still have tax obligations.
One of the main catalysts for the IRS to learn about foreign income which was not reported is through FATCA, which is the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act. In accordance with FATCA, more than 300,000 FFIs (Foreign Financial Institutions) in over 110 countries actively report account holder information to the IRS.
Do U.S. citizens living abroad need to file state taxes? The answer depends on the state. Some U.S. citizens and residents living abroad must file a state tax form, but not all expats are required to do so. What U.S. expats do for state taxes depends on which state they lived in before their move to another country.
There are various ways to mitigate corporate double taxation, such as legislation, structuring an organization into a sole proprietorship, parentship, or LLC, avoiding the payment of dividends, and shareholders becoming employees of the businesses they own.
Under Sec. 877A, a U.S. exit tax may apply to individuals who relinquish their U.S. citizenship or are long-term residents who cease to be a U.S. permanent resident. The tax is designed to make sure that all unpaid taxes are settled before a U.S. citizen or resident withdraws from the U.S. tax system.
The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion, or FEIE, is also known as Form 2555 by the IRS. This expat benefit allows you to avoid double taxation by excluding up to a certain amount of foreign earned income from your US taxes. In 2025, for the 2024 tax year, you can exclude up to $126,500 of foreign earned income.
If you work in one state and live in another, you might be required to file more than one state income tax return. This is common for remote employees, but it also applies to employees who cross a state border to get to the office.
The most common penalty is the failure-to-file penalty, which is 5% of the unpaid taxes for each month the return is late, up to a maximum of 25%. However, many US expats owe no US tax due to the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE) or Foreign Tax Credit (FTC), so this penalty might not apply.
The simple answer is no. Generally, naturalized U.S. citizens cannot lose their citizenship simply by living in another country. However, certain actions and circumstances can potentially jeopardize your citizenship status.
The statutory period preceding the filing of the application is calculated from the date of filing. Once 4 years and 1 day have elapsed from the date of the applicant's return to the United States, the period of absence from the United States that occurred within the past 5 years is now less than 1 year.
At this time, no penalties exist if a naturalized U.S. citizen simply goes to live in another country, even on a permanent basis. This is a distinct benefit of U.S. citizenship, since green card holders can have their status taken away for "abandoning" their U.S. residence.
Drawbacks include the potential for double taxation and the lengthy, costly process of obtaining dual citizenship. The simplest way to acquire dual citizenship is by birth, although many migrants may naturalize or marry into another country's citizenship.
If you are a U.S. citizen or a resident alien of the United States and you live abroad, you are taxed on your worldwide income.
If you are a US citizen, you can stay out of the United States for as long as you want, and you will always have the right to re-enter the country.