Bonuses are taxed at a high withholding rate because the IRS classifies them as supplemental wages, triggering a flat federal rate (usually 22%) or a higher combined rate with payroll taxes (FICA) and state taxes, which often exceeds your usual pay stub deduction, making it seem like they're taxed more heavily than they actually are, with the excess usually refunded at tax time. This higher upfront rate prevents under-withholding and ensures enough tax is collected for that one-time payment, even if your actual tax bracket is lower.
Another common option for helping with current tax liabilities is to contribute to a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k), traditional IRA, or Health Savings Account (HSA). If you have one of these accounts, consider using a portion of your bonus to make a qualifying contribution.
Why is tax withholding on bonuses so high? Since bonuses are paid in addition to your normal paycheck, taxes are withheld at a higher rate than your regular wages. This is because they are considered supplemental income.
Employers in California, for example, withhold supplemental wages at a 10.2% state rate — meaning residents' bonuses would likely be withheld at a combined 32.2% state and federal rate, Barlow said.
Percentage method for bonuses
If you receive a bonus separately from your regular paycheck, your employer is probably using the percentage method to calculate how much tax to withhold on your bonus. Here's how that works: The employer withholds 22% of your bonus for taxes if your bonus is under $1 million.
One of the most notable differences between bonuses and raises is the duration of the compensation. Bonuses are one-time, short-term financial rewards. A raise is an increase to your current salary for the foreseeable future and provides more long-term benefits.
The IRS allows two primary methods for taxing bonuses. The percentage method uses a flat 22% federal tax rate. This method is straightforward but could result in over-withholding for some individuals. The aggregate method combines your bonus with your regular earnings and then calculates taxes based on the total.
Yes, it is true you are allowed to change your W-4 to ensure less withholdings on your bonus pay. However, the ramifications of such a change may be unknown until tax filing time. Generally, it is better to leave your W-4 alone and have the extra withholdings.
In California, bonuses are taxed differently from regular income. They are considered supplemental income and are subject to both federal and state taxes. California uses a flat rate for state tax on bonuses, distinct from regular income tax rates.
In many cases, recipients of bonuses pay a 22% flat federal income tax, along with a 6.2% Social Security tax and 1.45% Medicare tax. Fortunately, you can reduce the tax burden of a bonus by, for example, putting at least some of the money in a 401(k), IRA or health savings account.
If you are deferring income into a retirement plan, such as a 401(k), a portion of the bonus may be withheld for that as well. While there's no eliminating the tax burden of a bonus altogether, you might be able to lower it. Here are some ways to reduce the sting of taxes from your bonus: Reduce your taxable income.
The 9.6% average is a good bonus percentage benchmark, but it isn't one-size-fits-all. You should shift this percentage based on industry factors and what's feasible for your company.
Employee Satisfaction Can Be Negatively Impacted
Bonuses can push employees to work harder and improve their work ethic. This pressure can become too much and they give up as their goal is out of reach, which drastically decreases their job satisfaction and productivity.
To avoid the 22% tax bracket (or any higher bracket), focus on reducing your taxable income through strategies like maxing out 401(k)s and HSAs, deferring bonuses, tax-loss harvesting, smart charitable giving, and strategic asset location, understanding that higher rates only apply to income within that bracket, not your entire income.
Bonus contributed pre-tax to super
For example, tax on a $50,000 bonus: Paid to you and your marginal tax rate is 32.5% = $16,250. Paid to you and your marginal tax rate is 37% = $18,500.
When you see that your bonus check or direct deposit is less than your employer-promised bonus amount, it's most likely because your employer has withheld taxes from your bonus. (Although, it is always important to double-check the bonus amount as described by your employer.)