In addition, some 401(k) plans have terms that prevent you from being able to make further contributions until the loan is repaid. So not only are you missing out on potential gains on the amount you withdrew, you may also be slowing down the growth of your principal for the duration of your loan.
Even when you pay the money back, it has less time to fully grow. In addition, if you have a traditional 401(k) plan, you'll be repaying the pre-tax funds in the account with your after-tax earnings, so it takes even more time – in terms of working hours – to repay the loan.
While as a practical matter you can definitely do it, withdrawing money early from your 401(k)—that is, before you turn 59½—comes fraught with financial risks. While tax penalties are the most serious, you'll also reduce the potential for your investments to compound over time.
If you have a high-interest debt, such as from a credit card with a big balance, you may get a much lower interest rate on a 401(k) loan. If you have upcoming debt payments and no other alternatives for paying them, borrowing from your 401(k) can reduce fees and penalties.
Alternatives for funding. Overall, you should only take on a loan from your 401(k) if you have exhausted all other funding options because taking money out of your 401(k) means you're hindering it from the most growth over time.
Moreover, a 401(k) loan won't affect your credit at all — even if you default on it. Low interest rates. You'll pay a modest interest rate and this money goes straight into your retirement account.
Deferring Social Security payments, rolling over old 401(k)s, setting up IRAs to avoid the mandatory 20% federal income tax, and keeping your capital gains taxes low are among the best strategies for reducing taxes on your 401(k) withdrawal.
Once you reach 59½, you can take distributions from your 401(k) plan without being subject to the 10% penalty. However, that doesn't mean there are no consequences. All withdrawals from your 401(k), even those taken after age 59½, are subject to ordinary income taxes.
“But it wouldn't be recommended to take it out to satisfy non-essential expenses, like credit cards or other loans,” Nitzsche says. Consider also the opportunity cost of withdrawing your retirement savings during a market decline.
Any money borrowed from a 401(k) account is tax-exempt, as long as you pay back the loan on time. And you're paying the interest to yourself, not to a bank. You do not have to claim a 401(k) loan on your tax return.
In some cases, you might be able to withdraw funds from a 401(k) to pay off debt without incurring extra fees. This is true if you qualify as having an “immediate and heavy financial need,” and meet IRS criteria. In those circumstances, you could take a hardship withdrawal.
While it's beneficial to pay off your loan early, doing so might strain your cash flow. Make sure that paying off your 401(k) loan won't leave you short of cash for other important expenses or emergency savings.
401(k) withdrawals
Pros: You're not required to pay back withdrawals and 401(k) assets. Cons: Hardship withdrawals from 401(k) accounts are generally taxed as ordinary income. Also, a 10% early withdrawal penalty applies on withdrawals before age 59½, unless you meet one of the IRS exceptions.
Typically, retirement plans charge the current prime rate plus 1% or 2% in interest on 401(k) loans. That interest, along with your repayments, is deposited into your account. Keep in mind that although it's like paying yourself back, you're doing it with after-tax funds.
Lower interest rate: The interest rate on a 401(k) loan is lower compared to other retail lending options. Typically, it's the prime rate plus 1% to 2%. As of November 2023, the prime rate is 8.50%, which makes a 401(k) loan about 9.50% to 10.50% APR, depending on your plan's administrator.
Do you pay taxes twice on 401(k) withdrawals? We see this question on occasion and understand why it may seem this way. But, no, you don't pay taxes twice on 401(k) withdrawals. With the 20% withholding on your distribution, you're essentially paying part of your taxes upfront.
Yes, you can withdraw money from your 401(k) before age 59½. However, early withdrawals often come with hefty penalties and tax consequences. If you find yourself needing to tap into your retirement funds early, here are rules to be aware of and options to consider.
You can do a 401(k) withdrawal while you're still employed at the company that sponsors your 401(k), but you can only cash out your 401(k) from previous employers.
Because the taxable amount is on the 1099-R, you can't just leave your cashed-out 401(k) proceeds off your tax return. The IRS will know and you will trigger an audit or other IRS scrutiny if you don't include it. However, there are a couple things you can do.
Borrowing from your 401(k) may be the best option, although it does carry some risk. Alternatively, consider the Rule of 55 as another way to withdraw money from your 401(k) without the tax penalty.
Once you've owned the Roth 401(k) for at least five years and are at least 59 ½ years old, you can withdraw both contributions and earnings without penalty or tax. Just be careful here because the five-year rule supersedes the age 59 ½ rule.
Some plans might process loans quickly, within a few days, while others might take a couple of weeks.
Transferring Your 401(k) to Your Bank Account
That's typically an option when you stop working, but be aware that moving money to your checking or savings account may be considered a taxable distribution. As a result, you could owe income taxes, additional penalty taxes, and other complications could arise.
Though you can withdraw money from retirement savings, such as 401(K) accounts, to cover the cost of purchasing rental properties, the purpose of them is to focus on long-term savings. Therefore, they discourage you from withdrawals through an early withdrawal penalty.
The administrator will likely require you to provide evidence of the hardship, such as medical bills or a notice of eviction.