Trusts can help shield assets from lawsuits and creditors in two key ways: Separating ownership and control of assets: When you transfer assets into a trust, you're effectively separating the ownership and control of those assets.
Trusts also can be very useful for asset protection purposes if the creditors of the beneficiary are prevented from reaching the trust's assets. A trust can be an effective way to place assets outside the reach of creditors.
Trusts are an excellent estate planning tool for Californians as they provide asset protection. Although someone generally can't bring a lawsuit against a trust, filing a claim against the trustee can occur.
Once you transfer your assets into such a trust, they are no longer under your personal control—making them inaccessible to those who might seek to seize them. This permanence provides a sturdy barrier against potential threats, ensuring that your wealth remains intact for your beneficiaries.
A revocable trust doesn't protect assets from a nursing home because it gives the grantor ownership of the assets. Instead, an irrevocable trust (specifically in the form of a MAPT) can protect your wealth from nursing homes and clear the way for you to receive Medicaid assistance.
Trusts offer amazing benefits, but they also come with potential downsides like loss of control, limited access to assets, costs, and recordkeeping difficulties.
An asset protection trust (APT) is a complex financial planning tool designed to protect your assets from creditors. APTs offer the strongest protection you can find from creditors, lawsuits, or judgments against your estate. These vehicles are structured as either "domestic" or "foreign" asset protection trusts.
It can be advantageous to put most or all of your bank accounts into your trust, especially if you want to streamline estate administration, maintain privacy, and ensure assets are distributed according to your wishes.
Under California law, embezzling trust funds or property valued at $950 or less is a misdemeanor offense and is punishable by up to 6 months in county jail. If a trustee embezzles more than $950 from the trust, they can be charged with felony embezzlement, which carries a sentence of up to 3 years in jail.
Here in California, homesteading protects you up to $300,000 of your property value. If your property is perhaps valued at $400,000, this is an area you'd really need to consult with a lawyer about if the lawsuit would exceed the $300K homestead protection.
If a creditor files a lawsuit against you and wins a judgment, they can seize quite a few assets. They can garnish your wages, levy your bank account, and even go after your personal property. This includes everything from cars and furniture to clothing and household goods.
A living trust does not protect your assets from a lawsuit. Living trusts are revocable, meaning you remain in control of the assets and you are the legal owner until your death. Because you legally still own these assets, someone who wins a verdict against you can likely gain access to these assets.
Irrevocable trusts
This can give you greater protection from creditors and estate taxes. As stated above, you can set up your will or revocable trust to automatically create irrevocable trusts at the time of your death. When you use your will to create irrevocable trusts, it's called a testamentary trust.
Investing in an umbrella liability insurance policy is a good first step to protecting yourself against civil action. The company who provides your homeowner's insurance or auto insurance policy probably offers this type of add-on policy. It pays out to cover losses above and beyond what your normal policy might cover.
Also, an irrevocable trust's terms cannot be changed, and the trust cannot be canceled without the approval of the grantor and the beneficiaries, or a court order. Because the assets within the trust are no longer the property of the trustor, a creditor cannot come after them to satisfy debts of the trustor.
Parents and other family members who want to pass on assets during their lifetimes may be tempted to gift the assets. Although setting up an irrevocable trust lacks the simplicity of giving a gift, it may be a better way to preserve assets for the future.
There are a variety of assets that you cannot or should not place in a living trust. These include: Retirement accounts. Accounts such as a 401(k), IRA, 403(b) and certain qualified annuities should not be transferred into your living trust.
Disadvantages of Trust Funds
Costs: Setting up and maintaining a trust can be expensive. Loss of Control: Some trusts mean giving up control over your assets. Time and Compliance: Maintaining a trust requires time and adhering to legal requirements. Tax Implications: Trusts can sometimes face higher income tax rates.
Once assets are placed in an irrevocable trust, you no longer have control over them, and they won't be included in your Medicaid eligibility determination after five years. It's important to plan well in advance, as the 5-year look-back rule still applies.
California eliminated their asset limit effective 1/1/24. While this means one's home is automatically safe from Medicaid while they are living, the home is not necessarily safe from Medicaid's Estate Recovery Program.
The average fee for creating a revocable living trust ranges from $1,500 to $3,000 nationwide, although it is usually much higher in California where costs can escalate to $5,000 to $10,000 or more.