Yes, the IRS (irs.gov) will contact you regarding unfiled tax returns, typically starting with letters sent via the U.S. Postal Service. Common notices include the CP59 or CP516 (irs.gov), notifying you that they have no record of a filed return. Continued non-filing can lead to CP518 (irs.gov) final notices, potential Substitute for Return (SFR) (hrblock.com) (where the IRS files for you), and collection actions.
We send you a notice or letter if you owe the failure to file penalty. Understanding your IRS notice or letter.
However, while the IRS can go back to any unfiled tax return, they generally don't try to enforce filing requirements for returns older than six years. The only exceptions might be if they: Find signs of fraudulent or illegal behavior. Need the information to inform returns for later tax years.
Even if you owe back taxes, know this: the IRS's first contact with you will always come by mail, not by phone. Here's how to avoid an IRS impersonator and get real help: Never give an unexpected caller personal or financial information. It's probably a scammer hoping to drain your bank accounts or steal your identity.
The IRS will typical send out a letter after a year or two requesting the return be filed. Due to how many people are required to file every year, the IRS has a computer called ACS that will generate automated letters to send them to delinquent taxpayers requesting they file missing returns.
If you haven't filed taxes in years, gather your financial documents (income statements, receipts) for those years, request wage and income transcripts from the IRS to ensure accuracy, and file all missing returns ASAP, as the IRS prefers compliance over pursuing criminal action, even if you can't pay immediately; file to claim refunds (within 3 years) and avoid bigger penalties, and then contact the IRS for payment options like installment agreements if needed.
The consequences of not filing taxes can include penalties for failure to file, failure to pay, and accuracy-related penalties. The IRS may also assess interest on unpaid taxes, file a substitute return on your behalf, place a tax lien on your property, or resort to garnishment of your wages.
Here are four options to find out your status with the IRS.
Threats of civil and criminal penalties are not enough to deter some people from cheating, so the IRS employs ways to identify individuals who skip out on their taxes. It is believed that the IRS can track credit card transactions and other electronic information, using this added data to find tax cheats.
There's no official limit to how many years you can go without filing taxes, but the IRS expects you to file if required, and the statute of limitations on the IRS assessing tax or collecting never starts until you actually file, meaning they can pursue unfiled returns from any year, even decades old. While the IRS often focuses on the last six years, waiting increases penalties and interest, and you risk losing any potential refunds after three years; proactively filing past-due returns is always best.
One-time forgiveness, officially known as First-Time Penalty Abatement (FTA), is an IRS program that allows qualified taxpayers to have certain penalties removed from their tax accounts.
The following six tips can help you get back in good standing with the IRS if you have unfiled tax returns.
The IRS can go back indefinitely if you've never filed a return. While they generally require the last six years to be filed to get back into compliance, there's no statute of limitations on unfiled tax returns. This means the IRS can pursue you for older years at any time.
However, there are circumstances in which the IRS will call or come to a home or business. These include when a taxpayer has an overdue tax bill, a delinquent (unfiled) tax return or has not made an employment tax deposit.
Specific IRS Charges That Can Lead to Jail
Failure to File a Tax Return (IRC §7203): Willfully failing to file a required return is subject to up to one year in prison for each year not filed, plus fines.
If penalties and interest aren't motivating enough and you outright refuse to file taxes, the IRS can enforce tax liens against your property or even pursue civil or criminal litigation against you until you pay. The severity of your refusal will determine the path the IRS will take.
The IRS 7-year rule primarily applies to keeping records for claiming a deduction for bad debts or losses from worthless securities, allowing a longer period to file for a credit or refund, but it's not a universal audit limit; it's often a recommended safe buffer for general record-keeping, with the standard IRS audit period usually being 3 years, extending to 6 years for substantial income omission (over 25%) or foreign income issues, and indefinitely for fraud.
If you file taxes after the October 15 extension deadline, the IRS will assess penalties and interest, primarily a failure-to-file penalty (5% per month, max 25%), plus a separate failure-to-pay penalty (0.5% per month) and daily interest on the unpaid taxes, though you can request penalty abatement for reasonable cause like natural disasters. The October deadline is for filing, not paying; if you owe, payment was due in April, so you'll likely face both penalties and interest until you file and pay, but you won't be penalized if you're due a refund.
The IRS will send a series of notices (starting about seven to eight months after the return was due) asking you to file. If you don't file, the IRS will then put you into a “tax delinquency investigation.”
The identity verification process from the IRS can be triggered on a random basis, or it could be due to suspicion that a tax return with your name on it is potentially the result of identity theft.
If you owe a tax debt and can't pay all or part of it, the IRS can help. You have options to resolve your tax bill.