Under California Probate Code §16062, trustees must account to each beneficiary at least annually, at the termination of the trust, and upon a change of trustee. Trustees must also provide an accounting within 60 days if a trust beneficiary demands an accounting in writing.
As an executor, you must provide a formal accounting at least once a year, but beneficiaries can request an informal probate accounting in California at any time. When they do, you must produce it. Because of this, maintaining thorough and accurate records of the estate's finances is crucial.
Under California Probate Code §16062, trustees are obligated to account to each beneficiary annually, upon trust termination, and following a change in trustee. Additionally, if a beneficiary requests an accounting in writing, the trustee must provide it within 60 days.
If the accounting is not provided in the proper form as required by the law, then after sixty days the beneficiary can file a probate court petition to seek a court order requiring the trustee to prepare the proper accounting and can request reimbursement for the fees and costs they incur in bringing the petition.
Beneficiaries can ask the courts to compel trustees to distribute trust assets, review the trust, or remove the trustee. A trustee might cite inadequate funds as a reason for not distributing assets. In this case, the beneficiary may have the right to request the trust's accounting information.
Ultimately, trustees can only withdraw money from a trust account for specific expenses within certain limitations. Their duties require them to comply with the grantor's wishes. If they breach their fiduciary duties, they will be removed as the trustee and face a surcharge for compensatory damages.
While a formal estate accounting must be provided to beneficiaries at least once a year, beneficiaries can request an informal accounting at any time.
Beneficiary Rights and Accounting
According to California Probate Code section 10950, if more than a year has passed since the beginning of probate administration and an accounting has not been filed, interested parties are entitled to file a petition with the court to make the executor to complete an accounting.
In order for the beneficiary to hold the trustee accountable, the beneficiary must have information about what the trustee is required to do and what the trustee actually does. Thus, the trustee has a duty to account and to inform.
If an interested party has the right to retain an experienced Estate Litigation Attorney who can petition the court and obtain an order forcing an Agent, Executor or Trustee to file a Formal Accounting.
The short answer is that they can withdraw money as needed to cover legitimate trust expenses. When naming a trustee, it's important to choose an individual or entity, such as a bank or wealth management firm, that you can rely on to abide by their fiduciary duty.
Examples of executor misconduct and trustee misconduct include: Failing to provide accountings to beneficiaries. Favoring one beneficiary over another. Misappropriating or misusing estate or trust assets for personal gain.
Negligence or Mismanagement of Trust Assets
So, if a trustee fails to do so, whether it is out of negligence, incompetence, or outright malice, then a trustee is unfit to manage the trust, and this constitutes a breach of his or her fiduciary duty and can be one reason for removing a trustee.
If a trustee acts unreasonably in bringing or defending proceedings, they may be held personally liable for the costs of the litigation if they are ultimately unsuccessful. Trustees in this position can apply to the court for a Beddoe order to protect against this risk.
Whether a particular individual has standing to sue a trustee for a certain reason may vary by jurisdiction, but beneficiaries almost always have standing to sue. A large part of a trustee's responsibility is prudently investing the trust funds. Most state laws contain prudent investment standards for trustees.
Under California law, embezzling trust funds or property valued at $950 or less is a misdemeanor offense and is punishable by up to 6 months in county jail. If a trustee embezzles more than $950 from the trust, they can be charged with felony embezzlement, which carries a sentence of up to 3 years in jail.
In general, a typical revocable trust with an outright distribution provision can be fully distributed within 12-18 months.
In essence, while both roles are powerful within their domains, trustees often have more enduring and autonomous control over the assets they manage.
Georgia colonists complained the most, however, about three of the trustees' regulations: (1) restrictions on land ownership and inheritance, (2) a ban on slavery, and (3) prohibitions on rum and other hard liquors.
Trustees generally do not have the power to change the beneficiary of a trust. The right to add and remove beneficiaries is a power reserved for the settlor of the trust; when the grantor dies, their trust will usually become irrevocable. In other words, their trust will not be able to be modified in any way.