Some types of inheritance are protected from creditors, which may include retirement or life insurance funds. However, states CreditCards.com, collectors may be able to seize certain assets to repay your debts, including money that was left to you in a will.
Specifically, the rule states that a debt collector cannot: Make more than seven calls within a seven-day period to a consumer regarding a specific debt. Call a consumer within seven days after having a telephone conversation about that debt.
Collectors can contact relatives or other people connected to the deceased (who don't have the power to pay debts from the estate) to get the contact information of the deceased person's representatives.
When a person dies, creditors can hold their estate and/or trust responsible for paying their outstanding debts. Similarly, creditors may be able to collect payment for the outstanding debts of beneficiaries from the distributions they receive from the trustee or executor/administrator.
While creditors are given the first opportunity to stake their claims to a decedent's assets, they cannot hold heirs financially responsible for the deceased person's debts. Creditor claims are settled with a decedent's estate—not the decedent's heirs.
Real property includes things like your home or land. Though creditors can legally seize real and personal property that isn't covered by an exemption, this isn't common because it can be costly for creditors. It's more common for creditors to use wage garnishment or a bank account levy.
If there's no money in their estate, the debts will usually go unpaid. For survivors of deceased loved ones, including spouses, you're not responsible for their debts unless you shared legal responsibility for repaying as a co-signer, a joint account holder, or if you fall within another exception.
If you contact the bank before consulting an attorney, you risk account freezes, which could severely delay auto-payments and direct deposits and most importantly mortgage payments. You should call Social Security right away to tell them about the death of your loved one.
If the estate goes through probate
The tricky part of this process is how any outstanding debts that need to get paid will be settled. While the creditors can't claim the house itself, they can make claims in an amount that might require you to sell the house.
Debt collectors cannot harass or abuse you. They cannot swear, threaten to illegally harm you or your property, threaten you with illegal actions, or falsely threaten you with actions they do not intend to take. They also cannot make repeated calls over a short period to annoy or harass you.
If you are struggling with debt and debt collectors, Farmer & Morris Law, PLLC can help. As soon as you use the 11-word phrase “please cease and desist all calls and contact with me immediately” to stop the harassment, call us for a free consultation about what you can do to resolve your debt problems for good.
Sadly, the answer to the question, “Can your inheritance be at risk of a lawsuit?” is “yes.” If you and your family members aren't careful, you may risk losing some or all of an inheritance during a legal battle.
In most cases, debt isn't inherited and is often settled by the estate or forgiven. However, there are a few exceptions when surviving family members may be left with debt. Let's discuss what happens if someone dies with debt and how to help protect loved ones from debt collection.
If the inheritance is real estate, the creditor may place a lien on the property. A properly executed and recorded lien gives the creditor the ability to take the owed debt from any proceeds of the sale of property. In some circumstances, a lien can force you to sell the land to settle the debt.
Banks freeze access to deceased accounts, such as savings or checking accounts, pending direction from an authorized court. Banks generally cannot close a deceased account until after the person's estate has gone through probate or has otherwise settled.
By leaving all your money in a bank you inadvertently incentivise the bank to take excess risk with your money – for free. Banks don't only use our money to lend on mortgages. They are able to invest in any way they like, as long as they hold a sufficient reserve.
Medical debt and hospital bills don't simply go away after death. In most states, they take priority in the probate process, meaning they usually are paid first, by selling off assets if need be.
Debt collectors are not allowed to suggest that you might be responsible for the debt if you are not. When someone dies with an unpaid debt, it should be paid according to state probate laws, which usually means they are paid by the estate.
Yes, that is fraud. Someone should file a probate case on the deceased person.
If a creditor has already filed a claim against your inheritance and won in court, they can also go after your assets. In this case, it's best to consult with an attorney specializing in debt collection laws to help determine what steps need to be taken next and whether challenging the creditor's claim is worth it.
An irrevocable trust can effectively protect your real estate from creditors. Still, depending on your needs, you cannot “undo” the trust once you have executed it, which can be problematic.
The following kinds of personal property are exempt from debt collection and cannot be seized: Household goods, like furniture, clothing, and appliances. Medical equipment, such as a wheelchair.