The easiest way to borrow from your 401(k) without owing any taxes is to roll over the funds into a new retirement account. You may do this when, for instance, you leave a job and are moving funds from your former employer's 401(k) plan into one sponsored by your new employer.
The 401(k) Withdrawal Rules for People Older Than 59 ½
Stashing pre-tax cash in your 401(k) also allows it to grow tax-free until you take it out. There's no limit for the number of withdrawals you can make. After you become 59 ½ years old, you can take your money out without needing to pay an early withdrawal penalty.
The IRS generally requires automatic withholding of 20% of a 401(k) early withdrawal for taxes. So if you withdraw the $10,000 in your 401(k) at age 40, you may get only about $8,000. The IRS will penalize you.
When you withdraw funds from your 401(k)—or "take distributions," in IRS lingo—you begin to enjoy the income from this retirement mainstay and face its tax consequences. For most people, and with most 401(k)s, distributions are taxed as ordinary income.
By age 50, retirement-plan provider Fidelity recommends having at least six times your salary in savings in order to retire comfortably at age 67. By age 55, it recommends having seven times your salary.
Cashing out Your 401k while Still Employed
If you resign or get fired, you can withdraw the money in your account, but again, there are penalties for doing so that should cause you to reconsider. You will be subject to 10% early withdrawal penalty and the money will be taxed as regular income.
But, if you took the money out because of COVID-19, you don't have to pay tax on all of it this year. Instead you can spread it out evenly over 3 years. For example, if you took out $9,000 because of COVID-19 in 2020, you could report $3,000 in income on your federal income tax return for each of 2020, 2021, and 2022.
Anyone who withdraws from their 401(K) before they reach the age of 59 1/2, they will have to pay a 10% penalty along with their regular income tax.
The CARES Act allows qualified individuals impacted by the coronavirus pandemic to pay back funds withdrawn from a qualified retirement plan over a three-year period, and without having the amount recognized as income for tax purposes.
You can roll over money from a 401(k) to an IRA without penalty but must deposit your 401(k) funds within 60 days. However, there will be tax consequences if you roll over money from a traditional 401(k) to a Roth IRA.
But if you can supplement your retirement income with other savings or sources of income, then $6,000 a month could be a good starting point for a comfortable retirement.
According to data from the Federal Reserve, the average amount of retirement savings for 65- to 74-year-olds is just north of $426,000. While it's an interesting data point, your specific retirement savings may be different from someone else's.
The safest place to put your retirement funds is in low-risk investments and savings options with guaranteed growth. Low-risk investments and savings options include fixed annuities, savings accounts, CDs, treasury securities, and money market accounts. Of these, fixed annuities usually provide the best interest rates.
The traditional withdrawal approach uses something called the 4% rule. This rule says that you can withdraw about 4% of your principal each year, so you could withdraw about $400 for every $10,000 you've invested.
By rolling your 401(k) money into an IRA, you'll avoid immediate taxes and your retirement savings will continue to grow tax-deferred. An IRA may also offer you more investment choices and greater control than your old 401(k) plan did.
Put the rest in a money-market fund that pays higher interest. This could be at your bank or credit union (if they have a money market), your brokerage/investment firm, or an online money-market fund (although the online type may take a day or two to transfer funds.
In 2021, for example, the minimum for single filing status if under age 65 is $12,550. If your income is below that threshold, you generally do not need to file a federal tax return.
In 2021, you can give up to $15,000 to someone in a year and generally not have to deal with the IRS about it. In 2022, this increases to $16,000. If you give more than $15,000 in cash or assets (for example, stocks, land, a new car) in a year to any one person, you need to file a gift tax return.