How is student loan debt affecting the economy?

Asked by: Anabel DuBuque  |  Last update: January 14, 2026
Score: 4.4/5 (40 votes)

In particular, such debt may impede economic growth in the long-run by slowing spending across certain sectors and by destabilizing personal savings typically used to survive significant financial events, such as economic recessions and retirement.

What are the negative effects of student loan debt?

Key Takeaways. Carrying student debt can affect your ability to buy a home if your debt-to-income ratio is too high. If you have too much student loan debt, you won't be able to save as much for retirement. Student loan debt can lower your credit score, especially if you fail to make on-time payments.

What does cancelling student debt do to the economy?

Student loan debt slows new business growth and limits consumer spending. Broad student loan debt forgiveness may help boost the national economy by making it more affordable for borrowers to participate in it.

Does student loan debt affect taxes?

You can take a tax deduction for the interest paid on student loans that you took out for yourself, your spouse, or your dependent. This benefit applies to all loans (not just federal student loans) used to pay for higher education expenses. The maximum deduction is $2,500 a year.

Who does student debt affect the most?

Americans with income higher than the national average owe an estimated 63% of the nation's outstanding student loan debt. Graduate degree holders make up only 14% of the population over 25 years old, yet they contribute to 56% of the outstanding educational debt.

Explaining the Economic Benefits of Student Debt

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Is student debt bad for the economy?

Student loan debt can prevent you from making major purchases like a home or a car. An economy may see fewer new businesses when there is more student loan debt. Student loan debt also limits consumer spending. Economic recovery can be more difficult when there are many people carrying student loan debt.

Who suffers the most from student loan debt?

Four years after graduation, black students owe an average of 188% more than white students borrowed. Black and African American student borrowers are the most likely to struggle financially due to student loan debt making monthly payments of $260.

Do student loans affect debt to income?

Student loans add to your debt-to-income ratio

DTI includes all of your monthly debt payments – such as auto loans, personal loans and credit card debt – divided by your monthly gross income. Student loans increase your DTI, which isn't ideal when applying for mortgages.

Do I have to pay taxes if my student loans are forgiven?

According to the IRS, student loan amounts forgiven under PSLF are not considered income for tax purposes. Learn more about the PSLF process. You won't be taxed by the federal government, but your state may tax you. Any debt forgiven as a result of PSLF won't create a federal tax liability for you.

Are student loans being garnished in 2024?

Will Treasury offset, such as withholding of tax refunds and Social Security benefits, resume after the student loan payment pause ends? No. If you're eligible for the Fresh Start for defaulted loans, any collections on those defaulted loans, including through Treasury offset, will stay paused through Sept. 30, 2024.

What are 3 pros of cancelling student loan debt?

When debt burdens are lifted, student borrowers can start new businesses and in turn, create job opportunities for others. They can buy homes for the first time in their lives, pay down other debts such as their credit card bills, and have less reliance on social safety net programs.

Does student loan debt cause inflation?

How Will the Student Debt Changes Boost Inflation? The student debt changes will increase inflation in three ways – by reducing the amount of income households use to pay down debt over the next year, by increasing household wealth, and by putting upward pressure on tuition costs.

Why is student loan debt a problem?

Economic and social consequences of the student loan debt crisis affect individuals the most, impacting daily lives and hopes for the future. Among low-end wage earners, education is worth significantly less. The median wage among workers with earnings among the lowest 10% is less than half the national median wage.

How will student loan forgiveness affect the economy?

While there are few direct estimates of the effect of debt cancelation in the literature, estimates based on the relationship between wealth and consumption suggest that this forgiveness could increase consumption by several billions of dollars each year in the next five to ten years.

Does student debt lead to poverty?

Later in life, borrowers without sufficient income to pay down their student loan debt are more likely to experience poverty and rely on safety net programs. This debt can even put their Social Security benefits, a lifeline of guaranteed income for older Americans, at risk.

What would happen if student loans were forgiven?

Arguments for student loan debt cancellation include economic stimulus and business growth while arguments against claim cancellation would lead to inflation and higher interest rates. Projections indicate cancelling student debt up to $10,000 per borrower would deliver an ROI between 145% and 208% after 10 years.

How do student loans affect taxes?

Student loan interest is interest you paid during the year on a qualified student loan. It includes both required and voluntarily prepaid interest payments. You may deduct the lesser of $2,500 or the amount of interest you actually paid during the year.

Does loan forgiveness affect credit score?

If you receive full forgiveness, it'll close your loan accounts, which can affect your credit score slightly. You'll have one fewer account on your record and the average age of your accounts could decrease.

Why did I get a refund check for my student loans?

Typically, these refunds are intended to cover school-related expenses such as off-campus housing, supplies or transportation. However, there are also cases in which students have borrowed more than they actually needed, resulting in a refund check. It's important to know that refund checks are not “free” money.

Do student loans affect house buying?

Student loans generally won't preclude you from getting approved for a mortgage — for some people, they might even improve their credit score. Still, if you have student loans, there are some steps to consider if you're weighing applying for a mortgage.

Who owes the most student debt?

Black women owe a disproportionate amount of student debt. They hold 43% more undergraduate debt and nearly 99% more graduate school debt than their white woman counterparts 12 months after graduation, according to an April 2022 study by the nonprofit organization The Education Trust.

Does the IRS count student loans as income?

If you're in a hurry and want a short answer, no, student loans themselves are not taxable. This is because student loans are essentially loans that one is expected to pay back to the lender with interest.

How many people regret student loans?

According to a recent Forbes Advisor and Talker Research survey of 2,000 adults, one in three respondents said they regret using student loans to finance their education and would not choose that route again if given the opportunity.

What race owns the most student loan debt?

Black adults are more than twice as likely than white adults to have student loan debt. The following graph includes federal and private student loan debt among all adults. On average, Black adults in the U.S. also hold higher student loan debt balances than borrowers of other races.

What is the average age people pay off their student loans?

You're not alone if you are still paying off your student loans from your college education years ago. In fact, many Americans are paying their student loans well into middle age. A 2019 study from New York Life found that the average age when people finally pay off their student loans for good is 45.