The biggest advantage of speeding up loan payoff is that it can save you money. "In many cases, paying off a personal loan early will save the borrower money in interest," says Thomas Nitzsche, financial educator at Money Management International, a nonprofit credit counseling agency.
Paying off the loan early can put you in a situation where you must pay a prepayment penalty, potentially undoing any money you'd save on interest, and it can also impact your credit history.
Few lenders still charge a fee for paying off your loan early, called a prepayment fee. These fees ensure the lender makes money off your loan, even if you save on interest by repaying early.
Paying off the loan early can reduce the total interest you pay. Before doing so, make sure your lender doesn't charge a prepayment penalty for paying off the loan early.
Paying off a loan might not immediately improve your credit score; in fact, your score could drop or stay the same. A score drop could happen if the loan you paid off was the only loan on your credit report. That limits your credit mix, which accounts for 10% of your FICO® Score☉ .
The borrower makes monthly payments according to the terms of the loan agreement. Making on-time monthly payment builds your credit score and helps contribute to your credit mix. Paying off an installment loan will cause a slight temporary drop in credit score.
Lenders like to see a healthy mix of revolving accounts, like credit cards, and installment accounts, like auto loans. If you pay off a car loan early and it's your only installment account, your credit score could take a hit. And if you have very few credit accounts, the hit to your score could be even greater.
Paying off a car loan early can save you money — provided there aren't added fees and you don't have other debt. Even a few extra payments can go a long way to reducing your costs. Keep your financial situation, monthly goals and the cost of the debt in mind and do your research to determine the best strategy for you.
Prepayment penalties
The lender makes money from the interest you pay on your loan each month. Repaying a loan early usually means you won't pay any more interest, but there could be an early prepayment fee. The cost of those fees may be more than the interest you'll pay over the rest of the loan.
Credit utilization — the portion of your credit limits that you are currently using — is a significant factor in credit scores. It is one reason your credit score could drop a little after you pay off debt, particularly if you close the account.
How much are prepayment penalties? Although prepayment penalties are rare today, when applicable, the fee can be steep. The penalty can be 2 percent of your loan balance within the loan's first two years and 1 percent of your loan balance in year three.
Although ranges vary depending on the credit scoring model, generally credit scores from 580 to 669 are considered fair; 670 to 739 are considered good; 740 to 799 are considered very good; and 800 and up are considered excellent.
It's considered the unicorn of the financial world: a perfect credit score, the highest number a consumer can achieve within a credit scoring system. For the FICO® Score☉ , one of the most commonly used credit scoring models, that mythical and seemingly impossible figure is 850. (FICO® Scores range from 300 to 850.)
Consider refinancing your current car loan
Refinancing with a new 72-month loan is a relatively long time — that's six years. Instead, look for a shorter term and a lower interest rate. If you do refinance for a long-term loan, consider paying extra toward the principal every month to pay off the loan early.
Save on interest
Since your interest is calculated on your remaining loan balance, making additional principal payments every month will significantly reduce your interest payments over the life of the loan. By paying more principal each month, you incrementally lower the principal balance and interest charged on it.
Making a payment every other week, rather than once a month, can let you pay off your loan faster and save money on interest in the process. Most auto lenders allow you to do this without penalty or requiring any special approval or restructuring the loan.
If you're already close to maxing out your credit cards, your credit score could jump 10 points or more when you pay off credit card balances completely. If you haven't used most of your available credit, you might only gain a few points when you pay off credit card debt.
If you check your credit score yourself, it doesn't lower it. But if a lender or credit card issuer does, it might. Either way, you'll see an “inquiry” on your credit report. It means that someone — you or a lender — pulled your credit.
Since the loan balance is reduced, more of your subsequent monthly payments will go toward further reducing the loan balance and less toward interest. When you have more than one loan, you should apply prepayments toward the more expensive loans first (the loans with the highest after-tax interest rates).
Lastly, if you want to avoid prepayment penalties, you could just wait until prepayment penalties have phased out before paying off or refinancing your loan. Or, you can make allowable extra payments that are under the limit for how much of your mortgage you can pay back each year without triggering early payoff fees.